Some childhood diseases are caused by adenoid growths, so it is important for parents to know about adenoids and their relationship to childhood diseases. “What are adenoids? Hidden at the junction of the top and back walls of the nasopharynx, adenoids are lymphatic tissues like tonsils. The adenoids are like half of a peeled orange. They have an uneven surface with five to six longitudinal grooves, which are prone to harboring viruses and bacteria. The adenoids usually grow to their maximum size by the age of about 6 years and begin to shrink after the age of 10 years. However, there are many cases where they do not shrink. Li Yanzhong, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University 『adenoid hyperplasia and children’s diseases』 Triggers upper respiratory tract infections. When children’s body resistance is lowered, such as cold or flu, viruses and bacteria can easily multiply here, triggering acute adenoiditis. It manifests as sudden high fever, severe nasal congestion and difficulty in breathing. If the inflammation spreads to the pharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube, it can also cause suppurative otitis media, which is characterized by stuffiness in the ear, earache and hearing loss. If the adenoids are repeatedly inflamed, pathological hyperplasia will occur. Children’s nasopharynx is relatively small, adenoid hypertrophy will cause nasal congestion, the child has to open the mouth to breathe. Nasal congestion also causes the nasal mucus to flow back towards the pharynx, irritating the mucous membrane of the lower respiratory tract and triggering coughing and decreased resistance. As a result, children with adenoid hyperplasia are prone to upper respiratory tract infections. Prolonged nasal congestion can also lead to lack of oxygen in the brain, resulting in depression, headache, dizziness, memory loss and slow reaction. “Long-term mouth breathing, under the impact of airflow, the hard palate will be arched, which will deform the facial development, resulting in a short and thick upper lip, sagging mandible, disappearing nasolabial groove, protruding upper incisors, and poor occlusion, etc. Due to the limited movement of the facial muscles, the patient may suffer from nasal congestion. Due to the restriction of facial muscle activity, the child’s face lacks expression, which is medically called “adenoid face”. During sleep, the child is forced to breathe with his mouth open due to nasal congestion, and the gas is constantly hitting the base of the tongue and the suspensory pituitary and other tissues, resulting in loud snoring sounds as he breathes. This can cause a lack of oxygen to the brain during sleep, which not only affects the child’s intellectual development, but also affects the secretion of growth hormone, resulting in short stature. “If parents find that their children often have nasal congestion or snore during sleep, they should take their children to the ENT department for examination to see if they have adenoid hyperplasia. Currently, the best treatment for adenoid enlargement is surgical removal, which can be done for children over 3 years old. However, if the child has already developed “adenoid face”, then, even if the operation, the “ugly duckling” is difficult to become a “white swan”. Currently, the most advanced surgical method is Sinusoscopic Plasma Adenoid Ablation. It has the advantages of clear operation field, no bleeding during the operation, light injury, short operation time, no recurrence, fast recovery and little pain.