Chenchen, a boy, was 3 years and 7 months old. In the 6 months prior to hospitalization, he had recurrent nosebleeds with no apparent cause, each time amounting to about 20-50 ml, which could be stopped by pressure or stuffing. Thereafter, the nosebleeds occurred once every 20-30 days and could be stopped only after several hours of pressure. When the nosebleeds were more frequent, the stools were black in color. Pallor was seen in the last 4 months. In the examination, it was found that the morning spirit was soft, sweaty, unwilling to move, poor appetite, pale, liver 1.5 cm below the ribs, spleen 2 cm below the ribs, and no obvious abnormality in the nasal mucosa. His hemoglobin was only 54 g/L. When faced with the fact that Chenchen’s nosebleeds were not only frequent but also large in quantity, and that he was already severely anemic when he came to our hospital (his hemoglobin was only 54 g/L), the parents were extremely nervous and worried. After careful examination, we found that the child’s platelet count and function were normal, and various coagulation factors were in the normal range, but the vascular hemophilic factor (vWF) and R-Cof (ristocetin cofactor) in the child’s blood were particularly low, and the decrease in vascular hemophilic factor would make the child prone to hemorrhage, especially nosebleeds, and when the bleeding occurs, the amount would be particularly high. After obtaining a laboratory test report of decreased vascular hemophilia factor in Chenchen, and combining it with Chenchen’s medical history, the child was diagnosed with vascular hemophilia. Vascular hemophilia (vWD) is a bleeding disorder caused by a congenital quantitative decrease or qualitative abnormality of von Willebrand factor (vWF). The disease differs from classical hemophilia in that it can affect both sexes and has a prolonged bleeding time with a normal platelet count. The disease was formerly known by a number of names, one of which was “vascular” hemophilia. It is now commonly known as von Willebrand disease (vWD) in foreign countries, and is now generally referred to as vascular hemophilia in China. Vascular hemophilia is now widely recognized as the most common congenital hemorrhagic disease with a higher incidence than classical hemophilia, with an estimated prevalence of 10-20 per 100,000 persons. The number of cases of this disease in the country is lower than that of classical hemophilia due to the heterogeneity of the disease’s presentation, the lack of a correct and simple diagnostic method, and the fact that many patients with mild cases do not seek medical attention or have difficulty in diagnosis. Currently vascular hemophilia is classified as type I (classical), type II (A, B, M, N), type III ( severe) type and platelet type (pseudo). And the further exact diagnosis of the child Chenchen was vascular hemophilia type II (B) (reduced vWF and R-Cof). From the above, it can be seen that vascular hemophilia can be diagnosed as 4 types (7 diseases) based on various laboratory tests. In addition to the above mentioned vascular hemophilia II (B) in Chenchen, other types of vascular hemophilia can be accompanied by abnormalities in laboratory tests, such as a decrease in coagulation factor VIII, which makes it necessary to carefully screen the diagnosis of different types of vascular hemophilia. The treatment of vascular hemophilia is still symptomatic to stop bleeding. Depending on the type of vascular hemophilia, DDAVP (desmopressin acetate), factor VIII concentrate products, cold-precipitated or fresh frozen plasma may be administered.