Surgical treatment may be an option for patients with prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) whose lower urinary tract symptoms have significantly affected their quality of life, especially for those who have had poor results with medication or refuse to accept medication. According to the 2007 guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of prostatic hyperplasia in China, the indications for surgery are as follows: (1), recurrent urinary retention (inability to urinate after at least one extubation or twice); (2), recurrent hematuria and ineffective treatment with 5a reductase inhibitors; (3), recurrent urinary tract infections; (4), bladder stones; (5), secondary upper urinary tract fluid (with or without renal impairment). Patients with BPH combined with large bladder diverticula, inguinal hernia, severe hemorrhoids or prolapse, who are clinically judged to be difficult to achieve therapeutic results without relieving lower urinary tract obstruction, should consider surgical treatment. These are the absolute indications for surgery for prostate enlargement, but there is still room for refinement.