Polycystic ovary syndrome is a condition in which reproductive dysfunction coexists with abnormal glucose metabolism. It is often associated with amenorrhea, scanty menstruation or irregular uterine bleeding, infertility, hirsutism, obesity, acne, and bilateral polycystic enlargement of the ovaries. The disease most often occurs in women between 20 and 40 years of age during their reproductive years. It is characterized by cystic enlargement of the ovaries bilaterally, hence the name polycystic ovary syndrome. The disease is characterized by excessive androgen synthesis in the ovaries, which results in atresia of immature follicles, inability to ovulate, menstrual disorders, hirsutism, acne, female pattern hair loss, infertility, seborrhea, development of masculine features, and other manifestations such as obesity, obstructive sleep apnea, and depression. In non-obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, they may also show an increased percentage of perivascular or omental fat distribution. Obstructive sleep apnea is more common in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, and the increased incidence of depression in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome may be related to high body mass index and insulin resistance. The effects of polycystic ovary syndrome on patients can be very serious and the consequences can be severe.