Osteoarthritis is also known as proliferative arthritis, age-related arthritis, and degenerative arthritis. As the population ages, the number of patients requiring surgical treatment is increasing. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a safe, cost-effective, and good way to relieve pain and rebuild function for patients who have failed with non-surgical treatments. Although the success of the procedure is linked to many factors including the patient’s health status, the type of prosthesis used, the surgeon and the surgical facility and rehabilitation program, in general, TKA is a procedure with relatively low clinical operative risk and a relatively high success rate with few contraindications. Knee replacement surgery, an elective procedure, is less risky, but should be approached with great caution. The patient’s expectations and goals for postoperative functional recovery should be clearly defined preoperatively and should be agreed upon with the surgeon. By convention, the age of surgery should be 60 years or older, but the age of surgery has now been expanded, and many patients over 50 years of age have already undergone surgery with excellent results, but there should be a thoughtful understanding of the wear and tear of the artificial joint and the need for revision. Post-operative complications such as incision healing problems, infection problems, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism should be taken seriously, and some are life threatening. Overall, the ten-year revision rate is about 10% and increases by one percentage point per year. With the improvement of living standards and the pursuit of quality of life, the number of knee replacements will increase year by year and the success rate will become higher and will become the method of choice for most patients with osteoarthritis of the knee in the mid to late stages.