Acute cerebral herniation is a common clinical emergency in neurosurgery and is critical when it develops. The etiology of acute brain herniation mainly includes cranial trauma, mainly car accident injuries, high fall injuries and heavy object strikes. Cerebral hemorrhage includes hemorrhage caused by aneurysm, hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, vascular malformation, etc., and malignant tumors with fast growth rate in the skull, such as glioma and metastatic tumor. There are also conditions such as benign intracranial tumors that block cerebrospinal fluid circulation pathways and cause obstructive hydrocephalus. These diseases can lead to an increase in intracranial pressure, resulting in different pressures in various parts of the cranial cavity. Brain tissue is displaced from the high-pressure area to the low-pressure area through some congenital fissures in the cranium, compressing the blood vessels, nerves and brainstem tissues near the fissures, thus causing a series of serious symptoms.