Cortical resection of epileptogenic foci: It is a more common and effective method. If there are obvious occupying lesions in the brain, such as tumors, brain abscesses, inflammatory lesions, vascular malformations, brain cysts, etc., the epileptogenic foci and lesions can be removed by EEG monitoring. Anterior temporal lobectomy: currently the most used surgical method, if the positioning is accurate about 80% of patients can completely stop the seizures after surgery, and rarely cause functional damage. Selective amygdala and hippocampus resection: selective removal of the amygdala and hippocampus to avoid temporal lobe cortex manipulation. The complete control rate of epilepsy is 42.85% and the effective rate is 85.71%. Hemispherectomy: For patients with intractable epilepsy, epileptogenic foci involving most or all of one hemisphere, with functional compensation on the contralateral side and WADA test confirming that the speech center is located in the healthy hemisphere. The seizure control and efficiency is nearly 100%. The corpus callosum is the nerve tissue connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres, and is the fiber that conducts and connects the epileptic discharges to the contralateral side. After surgery, only 5-0% of seizures stop and about 65-75% improve significantly. Multiple submembranous transverse fiber resection: The transverse fibers of neurons are surgically cut under multiple soft meninges to block the spread of synchronous neuronal discharges in the epileptic foci. It is mainly indicated for refractory epilepsy in which the epileptic foci are located in important functional areas. Stereotactic surgery: The advantage of this procedure is that it does not require craniotomy and causes little damage to brain tissue, but requires a high degree of accuracy in positioning. The aim of the surgery is to destroy the epileptogenic nuclei and the nerve fibers that spread epileptic discharges through stereotactic surgery, and some refractory epilepsies that are not suitable for craniotomy can be treated with this surgery. Chronic electrical stimulation and vagus nerve stimulation: Chronic brain stimulation is performed by placing special deep brain stimulation electrodes in the anterior lobe, posterior lobe or thalamus of the cerebellar cortex bilaterally, and stimulating the cerebellar or thalamic nuclei through a subcutaneous stimulation device to suppress seizures. Vagus nerve stimulation is performed by implanting a miniature stimulator in the left subclavian subcutaneous tissue, introducing electrodes into the lower part of the neck through a subcutaneous tunnel and wrapping them around the vagus nerve to suppress seizures through stimulation, with an efficiency ranging from 50% to 75%.