The human ear is divided into the outer ear, middle ear and inner ear, with the middle ear including the tympanic chamber, eustachian tube, sinus and mastoid process. Otitis media refers to inflammatory diseases that occur in the middle ear and can be classified as secretory otitis media and purulent otitis media. The causes of different classifications are different and are mainly as follows: 1. Secretory otitis media: It is a non-suppurative inflammatory disease characterized by fluid accumulation in the middle ear and hearing loss. It mostly occurs in pediatric patients and can be caused by a variety of factors such as dysphagia of the eustachian tube, bacterial infection, and immune response. Adenoid hypertrophy, chronic sinusitis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, dysplasia of the muscles around the eustachian tube, eustachian tube cleaning and defense dysfunction can all lead to eustachian tube dysplasia; bacterial infection, reactive rhinitis, nasal polyps, and bronchial asthma can also cause secretory otitis media. Acute purulent otitis media is mostly triggered by various causes of decreased body resistance, chronic systemic diseases and adjacent focal diseases (chronic tonsillitis, chronic purulent sinusitis), and pediatric adenoid hypertrophy. It can occur during acute upper respiratory tract infections, during acute infectious diseases (scarlet fever, measles, whooping cough, influenza, pneumonia, typhoid fever); it can also occur when swimming or diving in unclean water, when milk flows into the middle ear due to improper nursing position of the baby, or when the tympanic membrane is traumatized. If acute otitis media is not treated in time or is not treated thoroughly, it can be extended to chronic suppurative otitis media. As mentioned above, otitis media can be caused by a variety of reasons such as structural dysplasia in the middle ear, other upper respiratory tract diseases, and bacterial infections.