What are the clinical symptoms of coronary artery disease?

  There are five types of coronary artery disease, and different types of coronary artery disease have different clinical manifestations, which can be asymptomatic, or acute myocardial infarction or sudden death as the first manifestation.  Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia: Many patients do not feel angina despite extensive coronary artery stenosis, and some patients do not feel angina even when myocardial infarction occurs due to complete blockage of coronary artery vessels. The diagnosis of coronary artery disease is often confirmed by the presence of ischemia or myocardial infarction on the electrocardiogram during routine physical examination, or by coronary angiography because of a positive exercise test. These patients have the same chance of sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction as patients with angina pectoris, so they should pay attention to heart health care in general.  Second, angina-type coronary heart disease symptoms: typical angina in the pain “site, nature, duration, triggers, relief mode” and other five aspects have the following characteristics: 1, site: many people think that angina should be the pain of the heart area, but in fact, it is not. Typical angina pain site is most often behind the sternum, but also slightly left or right, followed by the precordial region, or across the anterior chest. The area is usually the size of a fist or palm of the hand and is relatively constant, without wandering pain. The pain may disperse to the left shoulder and left upper extremity. Some patients with angina can show pain outside the chest, such as epigastric pain, left upper extremity pain, neck and pharyngeal pain, or even toothache, which is often easily ignored and delayed.  2.Nature: Most of the pains are expressed as pressure, tightness or burning-like pains, rather than pinching or knife-like pains. There may be a sense of fear or near death. Some elderly people, especially those with combined diabetes, only show symptoms such as chest tightness or dyspnea without chest pain, and need to be alerted. Some patients also have dyspnea, palpitations, nausea, sweating, dizziness, pallor, or even loss of consciousness during angina attack.  3, triggers: the most common triggering factors are physical activity and emotional excitement, others are mostly seen in full stomach, cold, smoking and forceful defecation and so on.  4, duration: angina pectoris is mostly paroxysmal, generally each time the duration of more than 3-5 minutes, rarely more than 15 minutes. If it lasts more than half an hour, you need to be alert to the possibility of acute myocardial infarction.  5, relief mode: the symptoms can be relieved after the termination of the trigger, and the symptoms can be relieved soon after the sublingual nitroglycerin. As mentioned above, the pain characteristics of variant angina are different from those of general angina and should be noted. Angina pectoris can be divided into two types, stable angina and unstable angina, according to their clinical characteristics. Stable angina is a clinical syndrome caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia due to increased cardiac load on the basis of fixed severe stenosis in the coronary arteries and is mainly limited to stable exertional angina. Unstable angina is an intermediate type between stable angina and acute myocardial infarction, with unstable coronary atheromatous plaques and high risk. It mainly includes primary angina, worsening angina, variant angina and post-infarction angina.  Symptoms of myocardial infarction-type coronary artery disease: About a week before the occurrence of myocardial infarction there are often prodromal symptoms or so-called imminent symptoms, such as angina pectoris at rest and during light physical activity, accompanied by obvious discomfort and fatigue. Infarction occurs with persistent severe chest pain, similar in location and nature to angina pectoris, but heavy and long lasting, mostly over 30 minutes and often several hours, which cannot be relieved by rest and nitroglycerin. It sometimes presents as epigastric pain and is easily confused with abdominal disease. Accompanying symptoms are common, often accompanied by irritability, profuse sweating, fear, and a sense of near death. Severe pain is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea and vomiting. Palpitations, dizziness, extreme weakness, and dyspnea may be present. Infarction may be accompanied by hypothermia after the occurrence of infarction.  Fourth, the symptoms of ischemic cardiomyopathy type coronary heart disease: mainly manifested as heart failure or arrhythmia. Some patients have angina pectoris attacks, but later, due to extensive lesions and extensive myocardial fibrosis, the angina pectoris gradually decreases or disappears, but symptoms of heart failure appear, such as breath-holding after activity, inability to lie down, weakness, palpitations and lower limb edema, etc.; there can be various arrhythmias, and the symptom performance depends on the type of arrhythmia, often with palpitations, dizziness, syncope, etc. There are also some patients who never have angina pectoris, but directly manifest heart failure and arrhythmia.  V. Symptoms of sudden death type coronary heart disease: Sudden death type coronary heart disease refers to unpredictable and sudden death caused by coronary heart disease, which is caused by cardiac arrest within 6 hours after the appearance of acute symptoms. It is mainly due to severe arrhythmia caused by abnormal electrical activity of cardiac muscle cells due to ischemia. Because the symptoms of different types of coronary heart disease are different, patients with different types of coronary heart disease should pay attention to the changes in their symptoms and seek timely medical attention and treatment.