The key to early diagnosis of tumor is pathological diagnosis. However, it is difficult for general patients to read the incomprehensible words on the pathology report card. The following are the common tumor signals on the pathology report card: 1, heterogeneous hyperplasia: also known as atypical hyperplasia, atypical hyperplasia, interstitial changes, etc. It is the abnormal hyperplasia of epithelial cells under chronic stimulation for a long time. For example, cervical heterogeneous hyperplasia refers to the occurrence of heterogeneous and atypical hyperplasia in part or most of the cervical epithelial cells, which is often described by “CIN” in the report, CIN has three levels, the higher the level, the more chances of developing into invasive cancer (commonly known as cancer). Therefore, once you have CIN grade II or higher, you should be followed up regularly or treated aggressively. Similarly, when there are heterogeneous hyperplasia lesions in the intestine, bronchus, breast, etc., they should all be noticed. 2. Differentiation: The cells of a tissue go through various stages of differentiation from embryonic to mature development, and the higher the differentiation, the better its maturity. The higher the differentiation, the better the maturity. In the tumor report, the degree of differentiation is usually described, and through the degree of differentiation, the corresponding malignancy degree and prognosis can be understood. 3.Cancerous trend: precancerous lesions. Precancerous lesions are not cancerous, but if they continue to develop, they may become cancerous, so it is necessary to raise vigilance. If the mucosal squamous epithelium is overgrown with certain heterogeneity, it may be transformed into squamous cell carcinoma. Crossborder nevus: Mostly located in palm, foot palm, external genitalia and back, which are often stimulated by friction, trauma or infection and are prone to cancer. Chronic atrophic gastritis: about 10% of patients with atrophic gastritis may develop cancer. Cervical erosion: Cervical erosion is a more common lesion in women, among which, squamous atypical hyperplasia in severe cervical erosion is prone to carcinogenesis. Cystic hyperplasia and fibroadenoma of the breast: Most commonly seen in women over 40 years of age, the possibility of cancer increases with age. Multiple familial colon polyps: colon polyps are all adenomatous polyps, with a cancer rate of 50% and a family history. 4, cancer suspicion: Such reports indicate that it is not completely sure that it is cancer, or the diagnosis of cancer is reserved, and further examination is needed. The reasons may be that the lesion is not typical enough and the nature is difficult to determine; or although it tends to be malignant, the amount of tissue is too small or there is extrusion, etc. In such reports, “considered to be ……”, “tends to be ……” “Probably ……”, etc. For example, “rectal tubular adenoma with moderate to severe atypical hyperplasia and possible localized carcinoma”. All these reports need to be re-biopsied or frozen sectioned during surgery, and the patient needs to be followed up closely. 5.Carcinoma in situ: Carcinoma in situ refers to cancer cells that are confined to the epithelial layer of mucosa or epidermis of skin and have not yet penetrated the basement membrane to infiltrate into the submucosa or dermis. Commonly speaking, carcinoma in situ is the incipient cancer that has just formed soon, such as cervical, gastric and skin carcinoma in situ. Generally speaking, most cancers develop according to the process of “precancerous lesion – carcinoma in situ – invasive carcinoma – metastatic carcinoma”, and it may take several years to develop from carcinoma in situ to invasive carcinoma. During this period, the patient does not feel anything and it is difficult to be detected without careful physical examination. In conclusion, the tumor “information” on the pathology report can arouse people to be highly alert to cancer, so as to enhance prevention and reduce the occurrence of cancer. However, after all, pathology reports are made by human beings. Sometimes pathology reports are subjective and may not be absolutely accurate, so we should look at them scientifically.