1.Why should congenital heart disease be treated early and eradicated? Congenital heart disease (hereinafter referred to as congenital heart disease) is a malformation formed by abnormal heart development during fetal life, accounting for 6 to 8 per thousand of newborns, some of which require surgical treatment. Doctors should conduct a thorough examination of the newborn; parents should also have some medical knowledge, such as the color of the baby after birth, blue lips, breathing difficulties and heart murmurs, etc., should go to a specialist clinic early to check and ask about the treatment. Early treatment and cure of precardiac disease is an inevitable trend in the development of cardiac surgery for three reasons: (1) high early mortality. Most of the complex precordial diseases, such as transposition of the great arteries, heavy tetralogy of Fallot, single ventricle, tricuspid atresia, complete atrioventricular canal malformation, permanent arterial trunk and pulmonary atresia, mostly die in the first few months after birth due to severe cyanosis, hypoxia and metabolic acidosis, or die of heart failure due to pulmonary polycythemia, or recurrent pulmonary infections. For example, 50% of patients with transposition of the great arteries die within 1 month after birth and 90% die within 1 year. (2) Secondary lesions of the pulmonary vasculature and heart have serious consequences. For example, a giant ventricular septal defect is prone to obstructive pulmonary vascular lesions arising after 6 months of age until it produces Eisenmenger’s syndrome with right-to-left shunts. In contrast, in those who undergo surgical treatment after 6 months, approximately 2.5% of patients continue to develop pulmonary vasculopathy after surgery. In contrast, this is not the case if surgery is performed within 6 months. Therefore, such patients should be operated before 6 months of age. Another example is cyanotic precordial disease, such as Farrer tetralogy of Fallot and triplet, which is operated before 1 year of age with less right ventricular hypertrophy and less collateral circulation, which not only reduces the difficulty of surgery, but also has good recovery of cardiac function after surgery. If the operation is delayed, the right ventricle connected with the lung will atrophy due to the decrease of pulmonary vascular resistance, and it will not be able to bear the resistance of body circulation and heart failure after the arterial transfer. (3) Cardiovascular medical diagnostic techniques, surgical techniques, and surgical equipment are becoming increasingly sophisticated. There is the ability to perform corrective surgery in infants and children and even in newborns. For some patients with high mortality rate of corrective surgery and cannot take corrective or other surgical methods, modified Fontan surgery or newly developed total vena cava-pulmonary artery connection surgery is performed; for “A” or “B” type preexcitation syndrome, it is possible to apply In “A” or “B” preexcitation syndrome, catheter ablation or cutting off the Kent bundle can be applied to cure the arrhythmia and prevent the patient from the risk of sudden death; in dilated cardiomyopathy and endocardial elastosis, heart transplantation can be performed; in Eisenmenger syndrome, combined heart-lung transplantation or single-lung transplantation can be performed. These techniques have been reported in infants and even newborns at home and abroad. 2. Does heart disease affect the growth and development of children? Whether the heart disease is congenital or acquired, the growth and development of children in infancy and early childhood will be delayed compared to that of children of the same age. Therefore, parents often worry about their children’s growth and development while worrying about their children’s illness. Delayed growth in children with heart disease is often associated with a lack of cardiac output. As heart disease may repeatedly cause depressed heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, frequent lung infections, and early abnormal nutritional status or local tissue hypoxia, the amount of oxygen carried in the tissues is reduced. Other heart diseases, such as myocarditis or ventricular enlargement can also lead to mitral atresia insufficiency, where blood will regurgitate into the right atrium, reducing cardiac output and delaying growth and development. A statistic from Taiwan found that among children with heart disease, the most significant growth retardation was in single ventricle, followed by Ebstein’s heart malformation, transposition of great vessels, tetralogy of Fallot, tricuspid atresia, permanent arterial trunk, and abnormal pulmonary vein reflux. The types of heart disease that occur during infancy can be broadly classified according to their incidence as congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, infection-induced endocarditis, or myocarditis. The causes of these heart diseases may not be very clear, but it has been reported in the literature that congenital heart disease is indeed related to factors such as cold and flu infection in early pregnancy, viral wind diagnosis, inappropriate medications for pregnant women, air pollution and wine making. As for rheumatic heart disease, it may cause systemic infection after streptococcus invades the pharynx, and the mitral and aortic valves of the heart are most likely to be involved. When various heart diseases occur in infants and children, they can cause family and social burdens for students, in addition to health threats. Therefore, the only way to improve the outcome of the procedure, especially to reduce the sequelae of growth retardation, is to start with prevention and early detection, and the earlier the diagnosis and treatment, the better the chances of healthy development as in normal children. What is the best way for parents to take care of their children with heart disease? This is a common concern for most parents of sick children. Due to the physical defects of the sick children, their growth and development is slower than normal children, so parents often hope to provide their sick children with a variety of high-protein foods as an afterlife supplement. In terms of dynamics, moderate activity can help normalize blood circulation, but children with cyanosis have a higher risk of exercise and should not be forced to do so. In addition, in order to promote the growth and development of the child, parents should choose a living environment with fresh air and high oxygen content. In order to cope with the urgent needs of cyanotic children, families with conditions can have small portable oxygen bags or oxygen cylinders for timely application in case of illness.