The tissue composition of the ovary is very complex and is the site with the most types of non-metastatic tumors in all organs of the body. The composition and clinical manifestations of different types and even the same type of ovarian tumors are very different. Because of this, different lesions in the ovary should be treated differently. For example, many young women do not have any discomfort symptoms, but only find a cystic mass in the adnexal area during physical examination. Such cases are also common in outpatient clinics. Ovarian cysts are a common and frequent disease in women of childbearing age. So, should surgery be considered for all ovarian cysts as soon as they are detected? In fact, ovarian cysts are not a diagnosis of a disease, but rather a finding that manifests as a cyst when the patient has an ultrasound. Some ovarian cysts are physiological, such as follicular cysts and corpus luteum cysts which are formed due to follicular development and during luteal absorption after ovulation. These ovarian cysts are mostly on one side, mostly less than 5 cm in diameter, have thin walls and are usually self-absorbing. The cysts may disappear on their own and often do not require special treatment when they are followed for 2-3 months and reviewed after menstruation. However, if the cyst persists or grows after 3 months of follow-up or 2-3 months of oral contraceptive use, it should be considered a pathological cyst, such as an ovarian tumor, and surgical treatment should also be considered. The most common pathological cysts on ovaries are benign ovarian tumors, such as ovarian mature teratoma, ovarian plasmacytic cystadenoma, mucosal cystadenoma, etc., and some others such as ovarian endometriosis cysts. All pathologic cysts should be surgically diagnosed clearly and intervened. It is important to be particularly alert to the possibility of junctional tumors (a type of tumor between benign and malignant tumors) or malignant tumors that should be treated early in the hospital if the ovarian cysts are combined with moderate echogenicity on ultrasound or have a papillary component and suggest a blood flow signal. Therefore, when ovarian cysts are found, a distinction should be made between physiological and pathological cysts. If physiological cysts are considered, they can be observed for 3 months and the diagnosis is verified if the tumor shrinks or disappears; if pathological, surgery should be performed. At present, the surgical treatment of ovarian cysts a laparoscopic minimally invasive surgery is preferred.