Diabetic peripheral nerve decompression surgery carries certain risks and may be prone to complications such as perioperative comorbidities and non-healing wound infections. The procedure is indicated for patients with diabetes mellitus combined with peripheral neurodegeneration. These patients tend to have long-term high blood glucose that is not effectively controlled, decreased body immunity, and decreased tolerance for the procedure. Firstly, there is the risk of perioperative complications. Patients with complications of diabetes mellitus are less tolerant of decompression surgery and less tolerant of anesthesia, and some diabetic patients may suffer from renal impairment during this period, which can also increase the risk and difficulty of the surgery. Secondly, there is also the risk of wound infection and non-healing, diabetic patients with hyperglycemia, will affect the wound healing time, the slower the wound healing, the greater the chance of infection. Once a diabetic patient develops peripheral neuropathy, it is recommended that he or she seeks medical attention in a timely manner and follow the doctor’s instructions for treatment.