Abnormal urinary microalbumin in patients with diabetes mellitus is usually not curable, but patients can improve the symptoms of the disease with medication and renal replacement therapy. Some patients with diabetes mellitus will develop chronic kidney disease with the progression of the disease, which is a common microvascular complication. Due to the damage to the glomerular filtration membrane and the subsequent increase in permeability, when the plasma protein filtration rate exceeds the tubular reabsorption capacity, urine microalbumin will occur. As the kidney damage is irreversible, if the patient develops diabetic nephropathy, it is generally incurable, but the patient’s symptoms can be alleviated through relevant treatment. Patients need to control blood glucose strictly and take oral blood pressure lowering medication under doctor’s guidance, such as captopril, timosartan, etc., so as to reduce proteinuria and slow down the progression of renal function. If the disease progresses, renal replacement therapy such as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and kidney transplantation can be used if necessary to control the disease progression, increase the survival time of patients and improve the quality of life. Once diabetic patients have urinary microalbumin, they need to strictly control their blood glucose and go to the hospital in time, and cooperate with the doctor to take relevant treatment measures.