The aso test and the anti-O test are the same test, the anti-streptococcal hemolysin O test, or anti-O test for short, and an elevated anti-O test is indicative of hemolytic streptococcal infections such as scarlet fever, dengue, tonsillitis, and other diseases. The anti-O test is an indicator of rheumatic disease, where antibodies are produced as a result of exposure to an antigen. An elevated anti-O test indicates a previous hemolytic streptococcal infection, which can lead to elevated anti-O in diseases caused by this organism, commonly scarlet fever, dengue, and acute nephritis. However, a positive test is not diagnostic of the disease, and the diagnosis of active rheumatic disease must be made in the context of the patient’s clinical presentation. In addition, some diseases not related to hemolytic streptococci can also lead to a positive anti-O test, such as nephrotic syndrome, tuberculosis, acute infective endocarditis, etc., and therefore require differential diagnosis in conjunction with clinical manifestations. If the anti-O test is elevated, it is recommended to go to the hospital to complete the relevant examinations to detect the presence of rheumatism-related diseases.