The relationship between salt intake and hypertension Sodium is essential for normal physiological activities of the body, and normal plasma sodium concentration plays a vital role in regulating human plasma osmolarity, intertissue fluid volume, acid-base balance, cellular electrical activity, and maintaining circulating blood pressure. However, excessive sodium intake can lead to the occurrence and aggravation of hypertension. Elevated salt intake causes hypertension. Blood pressure salt sensitivity refers to an elevated blood pressure response to relatively high salt intake, and hypertension associated with this is called salt-sensitive hypertension. Salt sensitivity usually involves demographic, ethnic and social factors, kidney function, hormones and dietary habits, so the detection rate of salt-sensitive individuals in the normotensive population ranges from 15% to 42%. For the northern population of China, the rates were 28.57% and 58%, respectively. The detection rate of salt-sensitive individuals differs among different races and populations, and, moreover, the salt sensitivity of blood pressure increases with age, especially in hypertensive patients. Reasonable salt intake restriction and comprehensive treatment of metabolic disorders The latest proposal of the World Health Organization recommends a daily salt intake of 5 grams per person instead of the original 6 grams. Of course, salt restriction initiatives should not be overkill. The Chinese Hypertension Alliance recommends that residents should not consume less than 3 grams of salt per person per day. Because sodium ions in salt are important for maintaining normal physiological metabolism, too little sodium can also cause physiological metabolic disorders. Since hypertension is a lifestyle-related disease, among the many poor lifestyles most associated with hypertension are obesity and high-salt diet, which are interrelated. Insulin can prompt the kidney to store sodium, and too much sodium in the body puts the whole body in the stress state of sympathetic excitation, while the poor high sodium and low potassium diet makes the potassium content in the body drop, and low potassium can inhibit insulin secretion and increase the insulin resistance state, and various metabolic abnormalities in the body eventually cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. In addition to antihypertensive treatment and salt intake restriction, we should also regulate blood glucose, blood viscosity and blood lipids, and pay attention to improving and restoring the functional damage of systemic blood vessels and organ tissues caused by long-term hypertension. Outlook Due to the current in-depth research on the relationship between salt and hypertension, the role of a high-salt diet in relation to human hypertension and the pathological hazards of heart, brain, kidney, and vascular diseases has been determined to be certain. Apart from this, many other influencing factors, such as genetic inheritance characteristics, micronutrient intake levels, folic acid intake, and other issues remain to be further explored and addressed.