What are the differences between breast lumpectomy and conventional surgery in terms of treatment? Conventional open surgery has the following 4 defects: (1) Conventional breast cancer surgery procedure is to remove the breast or tumor first and then perform axillary lymph node dissection. It is often difficult to avoid squeezing and pulling the tumor during breast surgery, while the blood vessels and lymphatic vessels draining from the tumor are still open, which may increase the chance of tumor cells metastasizing through blood and lymph. (2) When open surgery is performed to treat breast cancer, axillary lymph node dissection will cause edema in the affected limb, which will affect the quality of life of the patient, and will damage the nerves and blood vessels in the axilla, causing numbness and sensory impairment in the limb. (3) In open surgery, only a small incision is made for axillary lymph node dissection, which results in poor exposure of the axilla and poor visualization, making the surgery more difficult and increasing complications. (4) In conventional open surgery, the surgeon’s view is from above to below, while the axillary structure is lateral, making it more difficult for the surgeon to dissect and separate the lymph nodes in the axilla. Breast lumpectomy is an improvement in all of these areas. (1) Breast lumpectomy has changed the procedure and pathway of traditional breast cancer surgery. Both local surgery with breast preservation and modified radical surgery use the procedure of axillary lymph node dissection followed by breast tumor removal, blocking the pathway for cancer cells to spread through blood and lymph during tumor removal. (2) Magnification. Breast lumpectomy has a magnifying effect, which can magnify a 0.2 mm mass to about 1 cm, so that the mass cannot be easily missed and can be removed more thoroughly. This magnification protects the blood vessels and nerves and allows for minimally invasive surgery, thus minimizing the occurrence of complications and functional damage after conventional axillary lymph node dissection. Secondly, the small vessels appear very clear in direct vision magnification for easy surgical treatment, so in most cases no bleeding can be seen in the surgical field, which greatly reduces surgical bleeding. (3) The camera of the mammoscope can be turned around to see places that are not visible to the naked eye, and it does not enlarge the surgical incision to ensure the smooth completion of the surgery, making the axillary lymph node dissection easier than conventional open surgery. In order to minimize the incision in the axillary area during open surgery, the surgical field of view is too small and the deep axillary area is not carefully observed, which makes it more difficult to clear the lymph nodes deep in the axilla.