In women who have had multiple miscarriages or are unable to conceive, the body’s immune system will come out to prevent the embryo from implanting in the uterus, or to cut off the maternal supply system for the rest of the pregnancy. When the ratio of TNF-alpha cytokines is too high, it prevents the placental cells from dividing. TNF-alpha and interferon-like cytokines also stimulate the blood coagulation system, which causes the capillaries to cut off the supply of nutrients and oxygen to the embryo. Over the years, Dr. Beer has treated hundreds of women with extremely high levels of natural killer cells or TNF-alpha cytokines who were unexplained to be infertile, had multiple failed in vitro fertilizations or had multiple miscarriages, and the inflammatory immune response was responsible for many complications in pregnancy. For example, in pre-eclamptic mothers, the intense inflammatory response damages the placenta and maternal blood vessels. This leads to a consequent inability of blood to flow through the embryo (reducing normal levels by 30% to 50%), resulting in impaired fetal development or premature birth. With a limited supply of blood and oxygen, the delivery process can become very strenuous or even result in stillbirth for some babies. For most women, a good pregnancy test marks the end of a long and stressful journey and the beginning of another arduous one. Every blood test or ultrasound scan is both popular and intimidating, and a careful examination of the ultrasound screen is very much in the spotlight. It is only when the fetus is safely inside the mother that these women celebrate and stop thinking the worst. It is the same feeling as conceiving successfully again after many failed attempts. I wish there would be that magical day when I could tell my patients that there is hope that you and your child will see again, but that would still be too unrealistic and a bit smug. The amount of energy required to treat each of my patients who struggle to conceive successfully is great, to carefully watch them for potential dangers and to take steps to prevent those dangers, and if the problem is not caught or treated in time, then the child will experience stunted growth in the womb, miscarriage, and preterm birth. I didn’t want to have a couple of innocent children do the same after I had solved their problems because of inadequate follow-up care. I often worry that the next step in treatment for spontaneously immunized pregnant women will be a mistake, especially in patients with a history of prior fetal arrest or failed in vitro fertilization. During this nine-month period, I recommended a series of ultrasounds and blood tests for the mothers and their children. Some doctors don’t care about these extra tests because they think they won’t help and that they are a waste of money as long as they are not recognized as errors. Unfortunately, some of the recognized and common subclinical pregnancy problems that are not a concern have different effects on immune disorders. For example, migraines, joint pain, and skin hardening are some of the signs of inflammation and are warning signs. Low membrane fluid volume, massive subchorionic hemorrhage, etc. I would recommend my patients for IVIG, which is a less common option for OB. Of course, I don’t want to see that happen. That’s why I start my immunotherapy very early. And before the first miscarriage, the couple must start home pregnancy tests, and in many women with immune activation, it is too late to start treatment after the end of the menstrual period.