Atrial septal defect Recent reports show that the incidence of serious complications of atrial septal defect (ASD) interventions is <1%, that postoperative atrial arrhythmias are mostly transient, that atrial wall and aortic wall breaches and thrombotic events are rare, and that postoperative antiplatelet therapy (aspirin) should be administered for at least 6 months. The guidelines recommend: (1) interventional occlusion in the presence of significant shunts, right ventricular volume overload, and pulmonary vascular resistance <5 Wood (I/B), regardless of whether the patient is symptomatic; (2) blocker occlusion in secondary foramen ASD (I/C); (3) interventional treatment in ASD suspected of paradoxical embolism, regardless of defect size (IIa/C); (4) pulmonary vascular resistance (4) Pulmonary vascular resistance ≥5Wood, <2/3 body circulation resistance or pulmonary artery pressure <2/3 body circulation blood pressure (at baseline, after application of vasodilators or selective reduction of pulmonary artery pressure) and when left-to-right shunt is predominant, intervention is feasible (IIb/C); (5) ASD occlusion is contraindicated in combination with Eisenmenger syndrome (III/C). Ventricular septal defect Transcatheter occlusion of ventricular septal defect (VSD) can be used for patients with high surgical risk or those who have undergone multiple procedures. Transcatheter occlusion of myocardial VSDs may be an alternative to surgery, and transcatheter occlusion of perimembranous VSDs has been shown to be feasible, although atrioventricular block, tricuspid valve, and aortic regurgitation have been reported. The guidelines have more stringent indications for transcatheter occlusion of VSDs. The situation is different in China, where the morphology and structure of domestic and imported VSD blockers are significantly different, and the incidence of AV block after interventional blockade is extremely low. The guideline recommends that the presence of AV block should be noted after VSD, and patients should be informed annually about left ventricular function, residual shunt, aortic or tricuspid regurgitation, and ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Regular follow-up should be performed within 2 years after transcatheter occlusion and every 2 to 4 years thereafter.