Renal colic is a sudden onset of severe and unbearable pain on one or both sides of the lower back. It is the most common surgical emergency in outpatient emergency rooms, except for trauma. It is more common in males than females, and can occur throughout the year, mostly in the spring and summer, often at night. It is mainly due to acute obstruction of the upper urinary tract due to the rapid movement of ureteral stones in the ureter or sudden impaction, increased tension in the lumen wall, strong contraction of ureteral smooth muscle (ureteral spasm), and severe pain caused by the pulling of the sensors in the ureteral wall. The main clinical manifestations are sudden onset of severe pain in the lower back, with paroxysmal colic and radiation to the lower abdomen or perineum, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal discomfort, most (about 85%) combined with a change in urine color, which is observed by the naked eye as a strong tea color or resembles flesh-washing water. Color ultrasound is the easiest and most reliable way to diagnose renal colic. Since patients with renal colic have very severe pain, it is impossible to undergo too many tests because of unbearable pain at the time of consultation, which places a high demand on the judgment of the first physician. The diagnosis of renal colic can be made on the basis of the location and nature of the pain and the color change of the urine, combined with the main physical examination showing percussion pain in the affected kidney area. After the diagnosis is established, the first task is to relieve the spasm of ureteral smooth muscle by simple and effective drugs to achieve the purpose of pain relief. The author’s experience is to immediately apply the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium suppository 1-2 capsules (50-100mg) into the anus, and at the same time quickly input 5-10% glucose plus 654-2 (scopolamine) 10mg can quickly and effectively relieve pain. It is not necessary to apply antibiotics and not to take lithotriptic drugs when the pain is not completely relieved. Clinically, we often encounter patients whose pain is relieved by daytime infusion therapy and then recurring at night for several days, which may be related to the timing of taking lithotriptic drugs and excessive exercise for stone removal. It is recommended that patients with renal colic drink more water, rest properly, and take oral Chinese medicine for heat detoxification after pain relief. To prevent recurrence of pain, a diclofenac sodium suppository can be inserted prophylactically at night on the same day, and it is not necessary to use it again the next day if the pain is no longer present or is mild. It is important to emphasize that: a. Bilateral renal color ultrasound should be performed as soon as possible after pain relief to understand the size and location of the stone and the extent of hydronephrosis due to stone obstruction in the ureter, so as to determine whether further investigations should be performed, including renal ureteral CT, abdominal plain film and urethral venous visualization (KUB+IVU). This will determine the next treatment, such as drug-only lithotripsy, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or minimally invasive intracavitary techniques (ureteroscopy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy + holmium laser lithotripsy, etc.) for lithotripsy removal. Second, for elderly patients with renal colic must take into account the presence of angina pectoris may, the treatment should not be infused too fast, and the application of diclofenac sodium bolus should be reduced appropriately. Diabetic patients should not be infused with glucose directly, but with isotonic saline (0.9%) instead. Third, children with renal colic usually show paroxysmal abdominal pain, the main cause is not caused by ureteral stones, often due to congenital obstruction of the ureteral junction of the renal pelvis. Timely examination, early detection and active treatment are especially important for children. Children with renal colic should be cautious in the use of drugs. The causes of kidney and ureteral calculi are complex, so there is no exact method of prevention. The formation of stones may be related to high protein intake, low water intake and low activity, so these patients should be taken seriously. Fifth, the author believes that the best, simplest and most effective prevention method is regular checkups.