Lung cancer has been the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality rate globally and in China. And with the increasing health awareness of our population and the wide application of medical diagnostic tools, the detection rate of microscopic nodules in the lung is increasing year by year. The possible diagnoses of such intrapulmonary micro nodules are diverse, including inflammatory pseudotumors, malignant tumors, and tuberculomas in benign cases; and primary lung cancer or intrapulmonary metastatic cancer in malignant cases; meanwhile, some initially benign lesions may transform into malignant ones after a certain period of time. According to a large sample of the population, malignant lesions account for more than half of the single small nodules in the lung with a diameter greater than 1 cm, and even for tiny nodules with a diameter less than 1 cm, malignant lesions account for more than 1/3. The misdiagnosis rate between clinical and final pathological diagnosis of microscopic nodules in the lung is 1/3 (34.7%), and the misdiagnosis rate of microscopic nodules in the lung is as high as 2/3 (62.9%). Since it is difficult to obtain a definitive pathological diagnosis with imaging alone, and aggressive open-heart surgery is too invasive and unacceptable, the majority of patients with microscopic lung nodules currently opt for regular review. The biggest “advantage” of this method is that it avoids surgical trauma, but at the same time, the “disadvantages” are also obvious: tumor markers and chest imaging are required every few months, and the average monthly medical cost is hundreds to thousands of dollars, which imposes a significant financial burden on patients’ families and the social insurance system. Patients who are under observation due to the discovery of microscopic lung nodules often have such psychological burden, which seriously affects the quality of life of the patient and even the whole family; furthermore, if the lesion is really malignant, the follow-up period of several months will be very long. Furthermore, if the lesion is indeed malignant, it is difficult to clarify whether the months of follow-up will cause the patient to lose the valuable time for early surgery and affect the patient’s prognosis. It is important to know that the 5-year survival rate (an important indicator of tumor prognosis) for early-stage lung cancer treatment can reach 70%-80%, while the rate for advanced lung cancer is below 10%. In the last decade, TV thoracoscopy technology has been developed and popularized in China. Through TV thoracoscopy technology, comprehensive exploration and complete resection of nodular lesions in the lung can be accomplished through 2-3 minimally invasive incisions of only about 1cm in size. If the lesion is benign, the patient’s quality of life can be significantly improved by removing the patient’s heartache at the same time; if the lesion is malignant, it can be treated immediately according to the principle of radical lung cancer surgery to avoid delays. Thoracoscopic surgery is less traumatic, less painful, faster recovery, and has the same effect as traditional open-heart surgery, which can be said to have fundamentally changed the treatment strategy for small (micro) nodular lesions in the lung. The trauma of major surgery, the patient’s fear of major surgery, the risk of long-term follow-up and the resulting economic burden on the individual and society can all be solved. These data and facts tell us that in order to correctly diagnose and treat microscopic lung nodules at an early stage, improve patients’ quality of life, reduce the burden of medical expenses on patients’ families and society, reduce the incidence of lung cancer, and improve the treatment effect of lung cancer, it is necessary to pay sufficient attention to microscopic nodules in the lungs unintentionally found during physical examinations and carry out early diagnosis and treatment through appropriate scientific education; and thoracoscopic The development and application of minimally invasive techniques also provide the feasibility of early diagnosis and treatment of microscopic nodules in the lung and popular education.