What are the possible adverse effects that patients may experience after surgery? Patients will mainly suffer from hypocalcemia after surgery. Patients may develop severe hypocalcemia, which manifests as numbness of the limbs, cramps, palpitations, and hypotension, and is also accompanied by low blood phosphorus. In addition, a few patients may experience adverse effects such as damage to the laryngeal return nerve, wound bleeding, and infection. Therefore, the management of patients in the perioperative period (before and after surgery) is very important, and patients’ blood calcium and phosphorus levels need to be monitored daily for approximately 1-2 weeks. What are the routine post-operative laboratory tests? What are the routine medications for low blood calcium? Serum calcium, phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, an indicator of the degree of improvement of bone disease) need to be tested every dialysis for 4 weeks after one week of parathyroidectomy for renal bone disease; 2. Serum calcium, phosphorus and ALP need to be tested every second dialysis for 3 months after one month of surgery; 3. iPTH, Hb, Alb need to be tested every month after surgery. dry weight needs to be reassessed every two weeks (as malnutrition improves quickly, the patient will gain weight rapidly). Patients gain weight rapidly because malnutrition improves quickly); 4. iPTH every three months and serum calcium, phosphorus, and Hb every month for one year after surgery. 5. A high-calcium, high-phosphorus diet (significantly different from the preoperative low-phosphorus diet) is required after successful surgery, with calcium preparations and active vitamin D (osteotriol or alfadisil softgels) adjusted according to serum calcium and phosphorus, and phosphorus preparations (e.g., fructose diphosphate) supplemented when necessary. Treatment principles for hypocalcemia: 1. If serum calcium is greater than 1.8 mmol/L, supplement with 1 to 2 g of elemental calcium (calcium carbonate 1500-2250 mg) daily, taken orally between meals; 2. If serum calcium is less than 1.8 mmol/L or cramping occurs, immediately give 90 mg of elemental calcium (10% calcium gluconate 10 ml) intravenously and maintain at a rate of 90-180 mg/h IV drip maintenance to keep serum calcium normal. 3. If serum phosphorus decreases, take high calcium and phosphorus diet and skimmed milk powder and fructose diphosphate. 4. Supplement with osteotriol or alfadisil softgels 0.5-2μg/d according to serum calcium and ALP levels, with maximum amount up to 6μg/d. After surgery, will patients undergo dialysis again to cause recurrence of the disease? If the parathyroid tissue is cut relatively thoroughly, the chances of relapse are low. However, as long as the patient still needs dialysis, hyperparathyroidism is likely to recur. In addition, if the parathyroid tissue translocates to the thymus or lung, this may lead to a recurrence of the disease, with a 10% to 20% chance of recurrence. Patients with recurrence need to consider reoperation or drug or interventional treatment.