Chickenpox is a common acute infectious disease in children, highly contagious, the patient is the only source of infection, the virus exists in the lesion mucous membrane skin tissue, herpes fluid and blood, can be discharged from the body by nasopharyngeal secretions, but chickenpox rash before the appearance of the virus can not be isolated from the respiratory tract, after the rash is also difficult to isolate the virus from the respiratory tract, chickenpox in the appearance of hair rash within 5 days are contact contagious. It is mainly infected by direct contact with varicella herpes fluid, but can also be spread by air droplets. Because of the weak resistance of chickenpox virus in vitro, daily life contact transmission opportunities, but with contact with patients with chickenpox infection rate is very high, if pregnant women are infected with chickenpox within 6 days before delivery, can infect the fetus, the baby will get sick within 10 ~ 13 days after birth, if the early pregnancy infected with chickenpox, may cause fetal malformation, late pregnancy infected with chickenpox, may cause fetal congenital chickenpox syndrome. The clinical features of chickenpox are: rapid onset, low or moderate fever in the prodromal phase, general malaise, loss of appetite, headache, and cough. The initial rash is an erythematous rash, which turns into a deep red papule after a few hours, and then into a herpes after a few hours. The rash is superficially located, resembling dew drops, ovoid, about 3~8mm in diameter, with thin and easily broken walls, and surrounded by a red halo. The herpes usually starts to dry and crust from the center within 1~2 days, and starts to fall off after a few days, about 2 weeks or so, leaving no scar on the surface skin. The rash of chickenpox appears in batches one after another, and after 3~4 days the rash no longer increases, and is distributed centripetally, with more on the trunk, back and hairline, less on the face of the limbs, and occasionally on the soles of the hands and feet. The more the rash, the more serious the disease. Within 2 to 3 days of the onset of the rash, various stages of the rash can be seen in the same area, with spots, papules and crusts. The most important thing is to prevent chickenpox in pregnant women, because the infection of chickenpox in early pregnancy may cause congenital chickenpox syndrome in the fetus, which can lead to multiple congenital malformations, such as limb atrophy skin scars, cortical atrophy, small head malformation, cataracts, small eyes; chorioretinitis children often die within one year of age, and those who survive have severe neurological disabilities. Chickenpox can also be complicated by primary chickenpox pneumonia and encephalitis. Severe varicella can also be complicated by varicella hepatitis, interstitial myocarditis, nephritis, etc. Chickenpox patients should be strictly isolated, careful care, should pay attention to the hands, skin and oral cleanliness, strictly prevent scratching herpes and cause infection: local itch can be used 0.25% concentration of anti-itch stove glycol lotion, antiviral treatment can be oral acyclovir, 15mg/kg/day, the course of treatment 7 ~ 10 days, to change clothes diligently, to take a bath with warm water, but do not rub the herpes. Prevention: Chickenpox is extremely contagious and can be contracted through the respiratory tract or direct contact. You should stay away from chickenpox patients to prevent chickenpox virus infection, avoid going to crowded public places, pregnant women to do prenatal checkups in hospitals must wear a mask, and wash your hands and face in time after returning home. In the recent period, there are a lot of chickenpox patients to consult, ward beds frequently emergency, including a case of 7-year-old children combined with encephalitis, the condition is more serious. Chickenpox is a common acute infectious disease in children that is highly contagious and should be taken care of and prevented.