With the rapid development of modern society and the increased range of activities and mobility of children, trauma in children is increasing. For a long time, because many hospitals in the province do not have a special pediatric orthopedic department, coupled with habitual thinking, many people think that children are a miniature of adults, only smaller in stature and lighter in weight, and there is no other difference, so children go directly to adult orthopedic department after fracture. However, these people overlook the fact that children are growing and developing, and their anatomy, physiological function and biomechanical properties are constantly changing. Unlike adult bones, children’s bones are more prone to fractures and allow more strain plasticity than adults. If a child’s fracture is treated in the same way as an adult, it can lead to many undesirable consequences. For example, the epiphysis of children does not appear on the X-ray and the X-ray performance of children’s bones is different from that of adults; during the treatment process, the epiphyseal fracture may be missed and the normal variation of the X-ray may be misdiagnosed as a fracture. Secondly, without understanding the anatomical and physiological characteristics of children’s orthopedics, blindly treating children according to a reduced version of adult treatment will easily increase the damage to the fracture and expand the treatment, leading to over-treatment and possibly operating many fractures that do not require surgery, which may cause deformities later due to the damage to the growth structure. The specialized pediatric orthopedics department has developed a series of treatments specifically for children, and some fractures that would otherwise require incision can now be treated with minimal surgery to achieve the same or better results, such as closed reduction percutaneous internal fixation with a gristle pin for supracondylar fractures of the humerus and closed reduction flexible intramedullary pin for long bone fractures of the extremities; children’s fractures are characterized by rapid growth and high plasticity. In some cases, even if the fracture is poorly repositioned or remains misaligned, the deformity is self-corrected during growth and development as long as it is within the permissible range. Developmental deformities are also unique to children with fractures, so some fractures such as epiphyseal fractures and intra-articular fractures should be treated surgically in a timely manner to avoid delayed diagnosis and treatment of these fractures, which may cause malunion and disability. Therefore, children’s fractures are not equivalent to adult fractures, and children should be treated in a specialized pediatric orthopedics department after fractures.