Indications for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: 1. To create access for percutaneous surgery, such as treatment of stones and obstruction. It is especially suitable for multiple stones, cast stones, antler-shaped stones and large stones in the upper ureter. 2. Infection caused by upper urinary tract obstruction or atresia, pus accumulation in the kidney or pus accumulation in the renal diverticulum. 3, various obstructive or unexplained hydronephrosis. 4.Diagnosis of upper urinary tract disease. 5.Make temporary urine diversion, such as ureteral injury, nephrostomy drainage of refractory obstruction. 6, permanent nephrostomy drainage for certain conditions such as tumor compression, retroperitoneal fibrosis causing ureteral obstruction compared with ESWL and open surgery Indications for minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy: 1, kidney stones, including: multiple stones, cast stones, deerstalker stones. 2, Open surgery residual and recurrent kidney stones. 3.Stones that cannot be crushed by extracorporeal shock wave and residual stones after ESWL. 4. Large stones in the upper ureter; stones in the upper ureter due to polyp encapsulation or embedded ESWL is ineffective, or failed ureteroscopy due to ureteral distortion. 5. Symptomatic stones in the renal calyces or diverticula.