Patients with active tuberculosis require hospitalization, while those with inactive tuberculosis or latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection do not require hospitalization. The diagnosis of active tuberculosis is based on positive sputum, as well as imaging with typical tuberculosis lesions and positive sputum culture, including positive sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and positive sputum smear for Mycobacterium antacidum. When imaging shows specific changes, the milder cases may show mainly patches, nodules, cords, or tuberculoma or isolated cavities, while the more severe cases may show lobar infiltrates, caseous pneumonia, multiple cavity formation, and bronchial dissemination. Active tuberculosis requires standardized anti-tuberculosis treatment with a long course of treatment, at least 6-9 months, with commonly used drugs such as isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, etc.