What is coronary heart disease? Coronary heart disease is a type of heart disease in which the coronary arteries that feed the heart muscle develop severe atherosclerotic stenosis or obstruction, or are combined with spasms on this basis, as well as thrombosis, resulting in obstruction of the lumen of the arteries, causing insufficient blood supply to the coronary arteries, myocardial ischemia, or myocardial infarction. What are the factors that can lead to coronary heart disease? 1, hypercholesterolemia; 2, hypertension; 3, diabetes mellitus; 4, obesity; 5, heredity and smoking. What are the symptoms of coronary heart disease? Pain: myocardial ischemic attack is a typical post-sternal crushing pain, can be radiated to the precordial area or the left upper limb; if the pain is shorter or oral nitroglycerin can be relieved, indicating that the coronary arteries are not yet completely blocked, such as pain aggravation, the duration of the obvious prolongation of the medication can not be relieved is a sign of myocardial infarction occurs; Hypotension and shock: angina pectoris or infarction occurs after the contraction of the myocardium, due to myocardial contraction weakness, can cause hypotension and even the emergence of myocardial infarction. Hypotension and shock: after angina pectoris or infarction, due to myocardial contraction, low blood pressure or even fainting can be caused. Shock occurs several hours to a week after the onset of the disease, and the condition of this kind of patients is more critical, so they should consult the doctor in time; Arrhythmia and heart failure: due to the acute ischemia of the myocardium, which leads to the instability of the electrocardiogram, arrhythmia occurs, mainly ventricular arrhythmia, and most of them occur within 24 hours of the onset of the disease; the severity of myocardial ischemia can occur in heart failure, and the main focus on the acute left heart failure; Systemic symptoms: after the ischemia or necrosis of the myocardium. Due to the release of inflammatory mediators and the absorption of necrotic substances, fever often occurs within 1-2 days after the onset of the disease, usually not more than 39 ℃, lasting 5-6 days. Gastrointestinal symptoms: after myocardial ischemia or necrosis, some patients may have epigastric distension, intestinal flatulence, eructation, diarrhea, and violent bowel movements. What are the common clinical tests? Electrocardiogram (ECG): ECG is a simple and effective clinical examination which can not only provide a qualitative diagnosis of coronary artery disease, but also localize and suggest which branch of the coronary blood vessels is diseased, and it is inexpensive and can be performed at any time for examination and dynamic observation. Electrocardiogram exercise test: if calm electrocardiogram does not show myocardial ischemia manifestation, exercise test can be performed to increase the cardiac load and stimulate myocardial ischemia, its total sensitivity in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease is relatively low, and the negative result can not exclude the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Myocardial enzyme profiling: the main tests are: lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its isoenzymes, phosphocreatine kinase (CK) and its isoenzymes, glutamate aminotransferase, cardiac specific troponin T and troponin I. Echocardiography: it can observe the activity of the ventricular wall, which is helpful for the diagnosis of the ventricular function and its complication in the case of myocardial infarction. Radionuclide examination: It is mainly used to assist in distinguishing the metabolism of infarction, ischemia and normal myocardium in order to judge the infarction and prognosis, etc. Coronary angiography: Coronary angiography is an invasive examination method, which is the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of coronary heart disease. It is inserted into the aorta through a special arterial cannula and selectively injected with contrast medium to observe the lesions in the coronary arteries. What are the main treatments for coronary heart disease? Internal medicine treatment: including basic treatment and drug treatment, basic treatment to reasonable diet, moderate physical activity, enhance physical fitness, prevent obesity, correct blood lipids, blood pressure, blood glucose abnormality; deliberate drug treatment mainly has anti-hematocrit aggregation drugs, with aspirin as the most commonly used, expanding the coronary artery of the drug, with nitrate lipids as the main. Internal medicine treatment needs to be carried out under the guidance of cardiology specialists. Interventional therapy: Interventional therapy is an invasive treatment carried out in recent years, mainly for patients with coronary artery disease that cannot be controlled by medication, and the methods mainly include percutaneous intraluminal coronary artery line operation, intracoronary plaque rotary cutting, coronary stenting and so on. Surgical treatment: surgical treatment of coronary artery disease is mainly coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, the bridge blood vessel is often used by its own saphenous vein, such as arteries, radial artery, gastric retinal artery, the right artery, the abdominal wall of the arteries, etc.; the indications are: left coronary artery stenosis, coronary vascular disease, intractable angina pectoris by the invalid internal medicine, not suitable for the interventional treatment of the person. The main surgical methods include: coronary artery bypass grafting under extracorporeal circulation, coronary artery bypass grafting under non-extracorporeal cardiac non-stop beating, and coronary artery bypass grafting under robotic assistance. What is the specialty of our center? Non-stop cardiac bypass surgery; Total arterialization coronary artery bypass grafting; Surgical treatment of complications of coronary artery bypass grafting and infarction (ventricular wall aneurysm, perforation of the interventricular septum, papillary muscle insufficiency, etc.); Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting; Coronary artery bypass grafting + valve replacement; Coronary artery disease with severe pathology in multiple vessels; Cardiac bypass grafting in elderly patients; Surgical management of coronary artery disease combined with other intracardiac malformations, such as combination of valve disease or aneurysm.