Antithrombotic therapy includes anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy. The thrombosis in the venous system should be “anticoagulated”, and the thrombosis in the arterial system should be “antiplatelet”. 1, the principle of anticoagulation lies in the action of drugs on the coagulation factors, interfering with the activity of thrombin, blocking the operation of the clotting mechanism, and ultimately avoiding the formation of blood clots. Diseases such as pulmonary embolism, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis, etc., mostly originate from the venous system and therefore require aggressive anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulants with high clinical frequency include: non-intestinal drug anticoagulants, such as heparin, low-molecular heparin, sulforaphane sodium; coumarin-based oral anticoagulants, such as warfarin; new oral anticoagulants, such as rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, dabigatranate, etc. 2, the thrombus in the arterial system is mostly formed by the aggregation of some insoluble substances in the blood, the main “easy to clot components” include: platelets, fibrin and blood cells. For normal people, platelets do not gather freely. However, when the intima of the arterial system is broken, especially when the atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque is ruptured, platelets and other thrombus-prone components are activated and gathered together to form a thrombus. In this process, platelets play the most important role, so the main anti-thrombotic in the arterial system is antiplatelet. Common antiplatelet agents such as aspirin, clopidogrel and tigretol are mainly effective in preventing platelet aggregation. Antiplatelet agents play an important role in the treatment of stable coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, and other arterial thrombotic diseases. Antithrombotic treatment includes anticoagulation and antiplatelet, which are not opposed to each other and sometimes require a two-pronged approach, which needs to be selected by a specialized physician in conjunction with the patient’s specific situation.