A congenital abnormality in the development of the diaphragm, which forms a fibrous membrane with a marked rise in the position of the top of the diaphragm, is called diaphragmatic elevation. It mostly occurs on the left side. Occasionally, part of the diaphragm may be involved, with the anteromedial part on the right side being common and bilateral diaphragmatic elevation being rare. The condition can occur at any age, commonly on the left side in adults and on the right side in infants. The diagnosis of the disease is based not only on clinical manifestations but also on differentiation from diseases with similar symptoms in order to avoid misdiagnosis. Diaphragmatic elevation needs to be differentiated from other similar diseases: Diaphragmatic elevation: the main manifestation is the elevation of the position of the diaphragm with limited or absent movement, even paradoxical movement. Diaphragmatic palsy: caused by phrenic nerve lesions, surgery and other injuries. The elevation of the diaphragm position is not significant, but the paradoxical movements of the diaphragm are greater. Traumatic wet lung and encapsulated pleural effusion: despite showing blurred diaphragm and elevated local diaphragmatic surface position, there are no abdominal organs or contents located above the level of the diaphragm, which can be identified by barium meal imaging combined with multi-position radiography. Traumatic fluid pneumothorax: thoracic trauma is common; the position of diaphragm does not rise, the outline is blurred, and the movement is restricted; the angle of rib septum is blunted or disappears; there is no lung texture in the lung field band, and the barium-filled gastric sac does not enter the thoracic cavity on barium meal angiography.