Today, general anesthesia is used for pediatric tonsil and adenoid surgery, which is not a way to kill a chicken with a cow, but rather a way to maximize the safety of the child undergoing the surgery, and thus has become a common method used worldwide today. In contrast to the previous no-anesthesia to local anesthesia, the pain and fear of surgery can be clearly felt by the child, thus causing psychological and physiological trauma to the child and leaving a shadow, which in some cases remains until adulthood. At the same time, surgery without anesthesia and local anesthesia can cause residual tonsils and adenoids after surgery due to the child’s inability to cooperate well, and sometimes can cause damage to the adjacent tissues. The general anesthesia currently used in surgery should be called intravenous inhalation compound anesthesia (referred to as static inhalation compound anesthesia), which literally includes two types of anesthesia, such as intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia. The site of pediatric tonsil and adenoid surgery is special, and the trachea and esophagus are open here. The small amount of bleeding during the surgical operation, the continuous secretion of saliva and the clear water for wound rinsing can flow into the trachea and cause misaspiration and asphyxia. Tracheal intubation after anesthesia and before surgery is of great importance to ensure oxygen supply to the child and prevent intraoperative complications of aspiration. The combined use of intravenous anesthesia and inhalation anesthesia at the same time can make the anesthetic effect more complete and make the amount of each drug used decrease, thus reducing the side effects caused by anesthetic drugs and improving the safety of anesthesia. The main side effects of anesthetic drugs are respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, and allergy. The risk has been greatly reduced because the endotracheal intubation that had been performed previously ensured the oxygen supply to the child. Nausea and vomiting are the most common side effects of anesthetic drugs and vary greatly from child to child, with some children experiencing them shortly after administration and others continuing until the postoperative awakening period. In addition to causing distress to the child, nausea and vomiting may also cause asphyxia due to aspiration of vomitus into the trachea as a result of suppressed protective reflexes in children under anesthesia and recovering from anesthesia. If vomiting occurs after anesthesia, the anesthesiologist will use a suction device to remove the vomit from the mouth, and if the symptoms are severe, antiemetic medication will be given. Allergy is also a common side effect of anesthesia drugs, but it usually disappears on its own after the drugs are metabolized and no sequelae will remain.