The clinical significance of each item in breast cancer immunohistochemistry

       In addition to the specific classification name of the tumor, the size of the tumor, the clean excision of each margin, the site and number of lymph node metastases and the presence of infiltration in the vascular lymphatic vessels and other tissues, there are some important immunological indicators that can indicate prognosis in the postoperative pathology of breast cancer, and their analysis can guide the treatment and estimate the prognosis. The following are the common immune indicators that may be present in the examination and their interpretation: PR: progesterone receptor, positive suggests a better prognosis than negative patients.      Her-2 (CerbB-2): human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, a proto-oncogene. Its overexpression, i.e. the presence of a plus sign, indicates that the patient has a poor prognosis. It also suggests that patients are prone to axillary lymph node metastasis and possible deficiency of both of these hormone receptors. Its expression is positively correlated with breast cancer grade, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and the higher the expression rate, the worse the prognosis may be. However, those with more than two plus signs in Fish test have the possibility of biologically targeted therapy. That is, with trastuzumab (Herceptin).      E-Cadherin: E-calmodulin is one of the transmembrane protein isoforms of the calcium adhesion protein molecule family, which is expressed centrally in adherens junctions and plays an important role in maintaining epithelial cell integrity, polarity, morphology and organization. Its high expression indicates good prognosis.      P53: It is a tumor suppressor gene and its mutation predicts poor prognosis. breast cancer cells with high P53 mutation rate are highly proliferative, poorly differentiated, highly malignant, aggressive and have high rate of lymph node metastasis. p53 negative has relatively good prognosis.      EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor, the higher the histological grade and the higher the tumor stage, the higher the expression rate, and the overall positive indicates poor clinical prognosis.      TOP-II: DNA topoisomerase II, high expression indicates higher tumor proliferation and malignancy.      P170: It is a multidrug resistance gene, and its overexpression is detrimental to treatment.      Her-1: similar to the preceding Her-2, poorly positive.      CD44V6: is a protein, and high expression suggests a poor prognosis.      Bcl-2: It is an apoptosis-suppressing gene, and its positive expression suggests a high degree of tumor grading and few lymph node metastases.      P63: P63 gene itself is an oncogene, P63 plays an important role in the occurrence and development of breast cancer; detection can provide the necessary theoretical basis for early diagnosis, timely treatment and prognosis of breast cancer.      SMA (smooth muscle actin): smooth muscle actin is a reliable marker antibody. It disappears in a gradual process from normal breast tissue, benign lesions to carcinoma in situ, early infiltrating and invasive carcinoma.      COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2): Expression of COX-2 is present in breast cancer tissues. COX-2 may be a practical indicator for clinical evaluation of patient prognosis and identification of patients at high risk of postoperative recurrence.      P120 membrane: It is aberrantly expressed in breast cancer tissues and correlates with E-cadherin expression, which may play an important role in breast cancer development and progression; P120 membrane is more closely associated with the occurrence and development of invasive lobular carcinoma.