Fistula surgery is a procedure to surgically lead the intestinal canal to the abdominal wall, where an opening is made for defecation and serves as a temporary or long-term anus. The surgery is formed when malignant lesions occur in the distal colon and need to be removed, or when trauma causes rupture of the intestinal canal or abdominal infection, requiring temporary or long-term changes in the site of defecation to ensure that the surgical incision heals as quickly as possible. Fistula surgery can be divided into temporary fistula and permanent fistula according to the length of time the fistula is used. Fistula surgery is also used for other diseases, such as patients with acute purulent cholecystitis who suffer from severe heart, lung, liver, kidney and other organ insufficiency, and when acute cholecystectomy is not appropriate, cholecystostomy can be done to relieve inflammation. Nephrostomy may be performed in cases of severe hydronephrosis, and cystostomy may be performed in cases of bladder disease causing urinary dysfunction. Due to the change of excretion, fistula surgery may bring many inconveniences to life and socialization, and most patients may have some physical and psychological stress. However, with the continuous development of modern medicine and nursing technology, fistula surgery has become a routine surgical treatment in the clinic, and as long as one learns to properly care for the stoma after surgery, one can be well relieved of the trouble of odor and inconvenience of life.