1. What is the matter of hair loss caused by chemotherapy? There are about 100,000 hairs in normal human scalp, except 10%-15% of them are in static, most of them are in active growth, therefore, most of the anticancer drugs can cause damage to skin hair follicles through blood circulation, causing different degrees of hair loss. For example, adriamycin, pedialyte glycoside, cyclophosphamide, aminomethyltetracycline, isocyclophosphamide, etc. can cause hair loss. Hair loss is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy, but it does not have to happen. When it occurs, the hairs become very thin or fall out altogether. Hair loss does not occur immediately after the start of treatment and often occurs gradually after the patient has received several treatments. Hair loss does not occur immediately after the start of treatment, and often occurs gradually after the patient has received several treatments. After chemotherapy is completed, the hair can usually grow back so there is no need to be nervous. 2.Why is it necessary to check the blood routine 1 or 2 times a week during chemotherapy? Most of the existing chemotherapeutic drugs inhibit or kill tumor cells, but at the same time, they have toxic effects on normal cells, especially bone marrow hematopoietic cells, thus the bone marrow inhibition phenomenon occurs during chemotherapy, which can be manifested as a decrease in white blood cells, followed by a decrease in platelets, and a decrease in hemoglobin in severe cases. The degree of myelosuppression varies among drugs, as does the speed of recovery. This kind of inhibition is often temporary, most of them can be gradually recovered in 2 to 3 weeks after stopping the drug, in addition to the type of drug, with the dose used, the drug program and route, the patient’s general condition and bone marrow reserve status have a lot to do with. Therefore, during the period of chemotherapy, blood routine should be checked 1 or 2 times a week, in order to understand the patient’s bone marrow hematopoietic function as well as the inhibitory effect of drugs on bone marrow in time, so as to adjust the basis of the drug regimen. 3.How to arrange the diet on the day of chemotherapy in order to reduce the gastrointestinal reaction caused by chemotherapy? During chemotherapy, as the drugs kill tumor cells, it is inevitable that normal cells will be damaged to a certain extent, resulting in corresponding toxic side effects. Such as decreased immune function, leukopenia, ulceration of digestive mucosa, hair loss, etc.. At this time, patients should supplement high protein foods, such as milk, lean meat, fish, animal liver, red dates, red beans and so on. If there is loss of appetite and indigestion, add spleen-strengthening and appetizing foods: such as hawthorn, white lentils, radish, Chenpi, etc. It is reported that on the day of chemotherapy medication, advancing breakfast and dragging back dinner to pull away the reaction time can avoid or reduce the occurrence of nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions. In addition, it has been reported that vomiting is related to the degree of gastric fullness, and according to the characteristic that it takes 4-6 hours for the stomach to be completely emptied, chemotherapy patients can take the breakfast into the light food, the amount of which is taken 1/2 of the usual amount, and then carry out the intravenous chemotherapy after 3-4 hours, which can effectively alleviate the chemotherapy It can effectively reduce the symptoms of vomiting caused by chemotherapy. 4.What is the adverse reaction of tumor chemotherapy? Tumor cells in human body are formed by malignant transformation of corresponding normal cells. So far. It has been found that there is an important and obvious fundamental difference between tumor cells and normal cells. Therefore, most of the anti-cancer drugs designed by the current research still lack the ability to kill tumor cells only, without affecting normal cells. This will inevitably kill tumor cells while chemotherapy will also cause damage to normal cells in the body to a certain extent, which is known as the toxic reaction or adverse reaction of chemotherapy drugs. Anti-tumor drugs mostly work by affecting the genetic basis of cells, i.e., the structure and/or function of nucleic acids and DNA, so that the growth and reproduction of cells are inhibited. Normal tissues and cells in the human body, where reproduction is vigorous and growth is rapid, the more active their nucleic acid metabolism is, the more severe the blow suffered when exposed to antitumor drugs. If the tumor cells and most of the body’s normal tissue to compare, tumor cells tend to proliferate faster, which is the use of anti-tumor drugs can hit the tumor cells one of the basic principles. At the same time, some tissues and cells in the human body are often under active proliferation, and their proliferation speed is not comparable with tumor cells, sometimes even more so. Such as like hematopoietic cells (bone marrow), than the mucosa (oral and gastrointestinal mucosa epithelium), hair follicles, germ cells and so on. Thus, while using antitumor drugs to control the lesions, there will also be so that these rapidly renewing normal tissues and cells by the cytotoxic damage of chemotherapeutic drugs. Thus, some patients may show some adverse reactions related to chemotherapy in or after receiving chemotherapy. 5, tumor chemotherapy is not “the enemy and I do not distinguish”, “the loss outweighs the gain”? As a matter of fact, these statements circulating in the alley are not in line with the actual situation of tumor chemotherapy. First of all, anti-cancer drugs used in clinical practice have gone through rigorous tests and have been approved before being put on the market. As long as they are used reasonably, the safety of patients is guaranteed. Secondly, cancer cells are abnormally grown and deformed cells with imperfect structure and function. Under the blows of anticancer drugs, cancer cells tend to be more fragile than normal cells, which are more unable to withstand the blows and are more likely to die; moreover, even if they are still able to recover from the blows of anticancer drugs, the damages to the normal cells are easier to be repaired than those to the cancer cells. Therefore, the toxicity of anticancer drugs is not terrible, and if there is any, it is temporary and recoverable. In clinical practice, it is not difficult to see that the side effects of anticancer drugs do not occur in every drug, nor do they necessarily occur in every patient without any immunity. In the treatment plan formulated by an experienced chemotherapist, usually an estimation has been made according to the specific situation of the patient, and this kind of “tailor-made” plan sets the drug dosage within the appropriate range, and the toxicity of the drug is also regulated to the extent that the patient can tolerate it, so most of the time it is safe and secure. Moreover, during the course of treatment, doctors will make individualized adjustments according to the patient’s condition after using chemotherapy, so that the subsequent course of treatment can be carried out more smoothly. Especially in the past ten years or so, many new adjuvant drugs have been added to the oncology clinic, which can effectively reduce or even eliminate the toxic side effects of certain oncology chemotherapy drugs, and create conditions for further improving the efficacy of oncology chemotherapy, so that the oncology patients can receive chemotherapy under the circumstance of better quality of life. Under the present circumstances, it is even more inappropriate to mention that “the enemy is not differentiated from us” and “the loss is not worth the gain”. 6. Why should tumor patients strengthen nutrition during chemotherapy? While killing tumor cells, chemotherapeutic drugs also have certain killing effect on normal tissue cells. Almost all chemotherapeutic drugs have inhibitory effect on dietary intake. It can cause nausea, vomiting, abnormal taste and affect appetite. To occur oral mucosal ulcers, lingual inflammation, etc. Some drugs can also cause diarrhea, constipation or liver function damage, resulting in malnutrition, decreased immunity, accelerating the deterioration of the disease, so the patient should strengthen the nutrition of chemotherapy, pay attention to the dietary allocation, in order to enhance the resistance to the chemotherapy response and resistance to the ability to fight the disease. 7. Can chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine be administered at the same time? Generally speaking, chemotherapy can play a more rapid and obvious role in killing or inhibiting tumor cells for sensitive tumors. At present, nearly 10 kinds of malignant tumors can be cured by chemotherapy, and dozens of other malignant tumors can be cured with chemotherapy to a certain extent. However, chemotherapy has certain indications, and not everyone can use it; moreover, many chemotherapeutic drugs also have certain toxic side effects to some extent. What’s more, there are quite a few patients with poor general condition, insufficient food, malnutrition, or low white blood cell and platelet counts. All of these have an impact on the smooth progress of chemotherapy, making the application of chemotherapy subject to certain limitations. Chinese medicine is different from chemotherapy, if it can be properly applied, it can play the role of supporting the body, which is conducive to the development and improvement of the body’s intrinsic anticancer ability. It has been proved that some Chinese medicines have some degree of anti-cancer cell or cancer cell inhibiting effect, and some of them can also help cancer cells to transform to normal cells. Most of the traditional Chinese medicines do not have obvious toxic side effects, and they can also play a certain role in preventing and controlling the toxic side effects of chemotherapy. However, the disadvantage is that the effect of Chinese medicine alone in treating cancer is often slow, and it is not easy to get the exact clinical effect in a short period of time, and it is still difficult to prove that they can kill cancer cells directly. For this reason, research on tumor treatment combining Chinese and Western medicines to organically combine chemotherapy and traditional Chinese medicine, each taking its own strengths and making up for its shortcomings, in order to seek for better therapeutic effects, has been widely carried out in China, and there are some preliminary reports on the effectiveness of such combination. Therefore, Chinese medicine and chemotherapy can be carried out at the same time. 8. How to arrange diet on the day of chemotherapy to reduce the digestive reaction caused by chemotherapy? During chemotherapy, as the drug kills the tumor cells, it will inevitably cause some damage to normal cells and produce corresponding toxic side effects. Such as decreased immune function, leukopenia, ulceration of digestive mucosa, hair loss, etc.. At this time, patients should supplement high protein foods, such as milk, lean meat, fish, animal liver, red dates, red beans and so on. If there is loss of appetite and indigestion, add spleen-strengthening and appetizing foods: such as hawthorn, white lentil, radish, Chenpi, etc. It is reported that on the day of chemotherapy medication, advancing breakfast and dragging back dinner to pull away the reaction time can avoid or reduce the occurrence of nausea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal reactions. In addition, it has been reported that vomiting is related to the degree of gastric fullness, and according to the characteristic that it takes 4-6 hours for the stomach to be completely emptied, chemotherapy patients can take the breakfast into the light food, the amount of which is taken 1/2 of the usual amount, and then carry out the intravenous chemotherapy after 3-4 hours, which can effectively alleviate the chemotherapy It can effectively reduce the symptoms of vomiting caused by chemotherapy. 9.Why should we strengthen oral hygiene and skin care during chemotherapy? Application of antitumor drugs (such as antimetabolites and cytotoxic drugs) can cause ulcers on mucous membranes, especially oral mucous membranes. Most of the commonly used antineoplastic drugs, including adrenocorticotropic hormone, are immunosuppressive, so patients are susceptible to infections, commonly oral mycobacterial infections. In addition, certain antitumor drugs such as pingyangmycin, 5 fluorouracil, adriamycin, etc. can appear after use of varying degrees of skin damage, causing skin dryness, rash, hyperpigmentation, hardening of the skin, alopecia, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to especially strengthen oral hygiene and skin care during chemotherapy in order to avoid and alleviate the occurrence of these reactions. 10.Why is it necessary to increase water intake during chemotherapy? What is the minimum amount of drinking water needed every day? Most of the antitumor drugs are metabolized by liver and then excreted by kidney. When applied in large doses, it can damage the renal tubules, make the cells vacuolated, epithelium detached, tubular lumen dilated, and transparent tubular pattern appeared, and nephrotoxicity appeared due to the increase of urea nitrogen and creatinine in the blood. Therefore, during chemotherapy, not only do you need to replenish fluids on time, but also increase the patient’s water intake to accelerate the discharge of drugs and metabolites from the body and reduce the damage to the kidneys. Generally speaking, the daily water intake of at least 2500 ml, large doses of chemotherapeutic drugs, the daily water intake should be greater than 5000 ml. 11.In the process of injecting chemotherapeutic drugs, how to cooperate with nursing staff to observe the reaction of chemotherapy? The chemotherapy reaction in the process of injecting chemotherapy drugs is usually skin vascular reaction, and some drugs will have hypersensitivity reaction after some patients use them. Generally, before chemotherapy drugs are administered, professional nurses will do some guidance in administering the drugs according to the chemotherapy protocol determined by the doctor’s orders, and pay attention to protect the venous blood vessels as much as possible when injecting the drugs, and use the veins in a planned way. Push the stimulating chemotherapy drugs, patients with pain, redness, swelling or rash along the blood vessels should be promptly informed, can not be forced to endure, in order to promptly determine whether the local skin vascular reaction or drug leakage caused by the recent local skin, do not use hot water to wash or hot compresses, to keep the skin clean, and timely symptomatic treatment. Certain chemotherapeutic drugs in the process of injection, the patient, such as chest tightness, breathlessness, or even a short period of time, blood pressure decreased, skin and mucous membranes appear rash and other abnormal reactions, should be informed in a timely manner, so as to facilitate the doctors and nurses in the short term accurate judgment, give timely treatment. 12.What can be done to stop chemotherapy patients from vomiting? Some of the chemotherapy drugs will cause nausea and vomiting when used. Severe nausea and vomiting will make the patient afraid of future chemotherapy and even reluctant to give up further treatment, making chemotherapy difficult to continue. In the past, some antiemetic drugs have been used to alleviate such adverse reactions, such as chlorpromazine (Dormantine), promethazine (Finagan), dexamethasone, metoclopramide (Metoclopramide), etc. For most of the anticancer drugs, they are not suitable for the patients. For most anticancer drugs, their single drug use may be effective, and the effect can be enhanced by combining them. The mechanism of chemotherapy-induced vomiting has been initially elucidated in the last 20 years. There is a special 5HT receptor in the mucous membrane of the human digestive tract and in the central part of the nerve related to vomiting. When chemotherapeutic drugs or other vomitogenic substances reach the above areas by oral intake or blood flow, they will cause a large amount of 5HT release. If this 5HT binds to the appropriate receptor, a strong impulse is sent to the center, causing violent vomiting. Imagine we want to open a lock, although there is a key, but if the lock eye is blocked, the lock can not be opened. So after efforts to find such a class of drugs called 5HT receptor blockers, as long as can be caused by chemotherapy drugs before the arrival of the 5HT, such drugs have achieved a broad and solid binding with the 5HT receptor, chemotherapy-induced nausea, vomiting will not occur and appear. When combined with dexamethasone, the effectiveness rate is mostly above 90%. Drugs belonging to this category have been in clinical use for many years, including ondansetron, granisetron, and tropansetron.