What should I do if I find a breast nodule? In recent years, with the increase in medical checkups and the popularization of health knowledge, more and more patients have been seen in outpatient clinics for breast nodules, and many people are worried and afraid of them, but clinically many breast nodules are benign lesions, so don’t worry. The following are the advantages and disadvantages of various examination methods: 1. ultrasound examination. ultrasound examination has a long history and rich experience, especially for breast cysts with a diagnosis rate of more than 90%, no radiation, can be repeatedly examined, Chinese women have small breast and dense glands, through the mass elasticity index and blood flow signal determination can be initially identified benign and malignant, generally used for female physical examination, is the first choice for the initial screening of lumps benign and malignant. It is also used for preliminary examination of patients with breast pain and nipple overflow, breast cancer patients to determine whether there is lymph node metastasis, breast cancer patients for review, breast prosthesis implant patients for physical examination, and sometimes for localization with needle aspiration, but it is difficult to determine the nature of small nodules, and ultrasound examination is more dependent on the level of the examining doctor. 2.Mammography. It is mainly used for breast cancer screening, and is generally used for physical examination of women over 40 years old with high fat content in the breast gland, for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lumps with calcification, for review of breast cancer patients, for clarifying whether there are multiple foci and the extent of lumps in breast cancer patients, and for matching ductography with breast overflow patients. Small nodules may be missed. 3. Breast magnetic resonance examination. It can show the edge, location, signal intensity and invasion range of breast lesions, which is the best way to diagnose breast cancer. What to do if breast cancer is found? Breast cancer is a tumor with relatively good prognosis, so there is no need to worry too much, but you should receive regular treatment. There is no need to go abroad or overseas for treatment. 2.Breast cancer treatment methods, at present, breast cancer adopts a comprehensive treatment based on surgery, first of all, surgical treatment, radical breast cancer surgery, surgical removal of breast and pectoralis major and minor muscles, removal of axillary lymph nodes is rarely used; modified radical breast cancer surgery, without cutting the pectoral muscle, other than the same as radical surgery, survival is basically the same as radical surgery, currently commonly used. Simple mastectomy (used in elderly patients), breast-conserving mastectomy, partial mastectomy with biopsy of the anterior lymph nodes, are being used more and more nowadays, which can maintain a good shape after surgery and can enter public bathrooms. In addition, if the tumor cannot be breast-conserving, it can also be reconstructed by preserving the nipple-areola complex plus reconstruction, or autologous tissue plus prosthesis reconstruction, there are many surgical methods, depending on the specific situation, in general, the shape of early stage patients can be preserved in most cases. Most of the patients can survive for a long time after breast cancer surgery, especially if they are physically able to have a normal married life, which is very important for the stability of the patient’s family and long-term survival. In addition, breast cancer patients are generally not recommended to eat hormone-rich foods and health products, but they can eat normally. What is the incidence of breast cancer in Ningbo? Last year, the youngest breast cancer patient in our hospital was in her 20s and the oldest was in her 80s, with 40s to 65 years old being the most common. The incidence rate is about 4 to 6 per 100,000 (4-6 per 100,000). Why do we have breast cancer? The Chinese diet is gradually becoming westernized with high protein, high fat and inappropriate use of beauty care products, especially the excessive intake of hormone-containing nutrients for the sake of youth, not having children for the sake of work, not breastfeeding after childbirth, long-term stressful life and work, too many abortions, disharmony between husband and wife, long-term heavy intake of tobacco and alcohol, etc. Having breast cancer patients in the family and inappropriate use of menopause medication are also contributing factors. V. What kind of people will have breast cancer? Early menstruation is a risk factor for breast cancer; late menopause is also a risk factor for breast cancer; menopause at the age of 45 is normal and is never a cause of poor health. Premature abortion and too many abortions are also risk factors for breast cancer. Infertility is also a risk factor for breast cancer, and an increase in the number of births is likely to reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Breastfeeding can reduce the risk of breast cancer, and the total duration of breastfeeding can reduce the incidence of breast cancer. Genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is related to mutations in BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 genes. The risk of breast cancer in first-degree relatives with a history of breast cancer is 2-3 times higher than that of the general population. 4. Benign breast diseases with highly hyperplastic or atypical hyperplasia of breast lobular epithelium may be associated with the development of breast cancer. Estriol is the metabolite of estrone and estradiol, which are directly related to the development of breast cancer. Estriol and progesterone are considered to play a protective role, while prolactin plays a promotional role in the development of cancer. 6.Overnutrition, obesity and high fat diet can strengthen or prolong the stimulation of estrogen on breast epithelial cells, thus increasing the chance of breast cancer development. 7.Radiation high dose of radiation can cause breast cancer. Women who receive radiation exposure at the age of 10-19 have the highest risk of breast cancer, and the breast is particularly sensitive to radiation during this period. Multiple exposures to radiation at low doses have a bioaccumulative effect, and radioactive cancer has a long latency period, usually more than 10 years. It is also persistent, up to 30-40 years. It is generally recommended that each side of the breast should not receive more than 1 RAD of radiation in a year, which is equivalent to the amount of X-rays from 2 mammograms. High-fat diet can accelerate the development of children, early menarche and obesity are important causes of breast cancer, so it is a good idea to protect the breast from childhood, control weight and strengthen exercise. 2. Young girls are more sensitive to ionizing radiation than adult women, so they should try to avoid ionizing radiation, which can cause breast cancer decades after the initial exposure. Smoking or excessive alcohol consumption can increase the risk of breast cancer, and excessive caffeine intake can increase the risk of breast cancer, so you should diversify your diet and ensure the intake of various vitamins through food. 4. High mental stress and anxiety can lead to endocrine disorders, so adjust the rhythm of life, appropriate entertainment, adequate sleep, and if necessary, ask a psychiatrist to adjust. 5. Having children at an appropriate age and insisting on breastfeeding can reduce the occurrence of breast cancer. The best time for breast examination is about a week after menstruation, so that problems can be dealt with in time to reduce or detect breast cancer at an early stage. Although the incidence of breast cancer in men is not high, there are several cases of male breast cancer in our hospital every year, but they are often found at a late stage because they are not alert to it.