The 10-15 year survival rate for artificial knee replacement prostheses is approximately 80-90%, making it one of the most successful surgical treatment modalities available. The survival rate varies between different types of knee prostheses, with a 15-year survival rate of 98.9% for non-assembled knee prostheses and a 20-year survival rate of about 99.4% for mobile platform knees; an 11-year survival rate of more than 96.4% for posterior cruciate ligament replacement prostheses; and a 10-year survival rate of more than 91% for posterior cruciate ligament preserved knee prostheses. The work on artificial joints was gradually carried out in China after about the 1960s, about two decades later than abroad. With the rapid development of the national economy, China has fully developed the development and clinical application of artificial joints in the past 20 years, and with the continuous improvement of patient knowledge and living standards, as well as a significant increase in the number of patients, China’s artificial joints have gradually kept up with the development of the world’s artificial joints, and the level of international exchange has also moved into the ranks of international standards. In the past decade or so, foreign artificial joint products from different manufacturers have gradually entered China, which has promoted the development of clinical and research on artificial joints in China. At present, there are a variety of domestic and imported artificial joints available in our market. Generally, imported artificial joints are better than domestic products in terms of prosthetic materials, prosthetic shape design, accuracy of surgical positioning instruments, joint surface finish, performance of bone cement and treatment of contact surfaces with bone, etc., but they are expensive, with material costs ranging from 20,000 to 40,000 yuan. Domestic artificial joints are relatively inexpensive and have been used clinically for more than 20 years to show that their performance is reliable. Instruments and materials are important, but mature experience and delicate operating techniques are still the deciding factors for successful surgery. The materials used in artificial joints have evolved from early stainless steel, which was prone to wear and tear, to bio-ceramic materials and aluminum-zirconium alloy materials. The hardness, wear resistance, impact resistance, high-temperature stability and biocompatibility of artificial joints made of these high-performance materials are greatly improved, and their weight is closer to that of bone joints and more compatible with the human body. Total knee arthroplasty in China faces more difficulties and challenges than in developed countries in terms of the difficulty of surgical cases and the affordability of patients. In order to obtain better clinical results, operators should standardize and become proficient in operating procedures as early as possible; a dedicated rehabilitation team should be established to improve clinical outcomes; and attention should be paid to all perioperative management to reduce surgical complications and mortality. The development and promotion of high-quality domestic prosthesis and supporting instruments is the key to the popularization and development of total knee arthroplasty in China. According to the statistics of the Ministry of Health, osteoarthritis is on the rise with the aging of the society. 80% of the population over 75 years old suffer from osteoarthritis. The incidence of osteoarthritis in the Datong area is increasing year by year, especially in rural areas where people engaged in long-term physical labor are most affected by osteoarthritis. In rural areas, there is a relative lack of medical knowledge and insufficient knowledge of osteoarthritis prevention and treatment. Often, they come to the hospital with advanced osteoarthritis and need artificial knee replacement, but due to insufficient knowledge of knee replacement, they are afraid of surgery or give up treatment because they cannot accept the cost of surgery, thus losing their labor force or even becoming paralyzed.