The ideal goal of tumor surgery in the functional brain area is to remove the tumor safely to the maximum extent, which has two levels of consciousness: one is to remove the tumor to the maximum extent and the other is to protect the neurological functions as much as possible, which are contradictory to each other, and it is a great challenge for neurosurgeons to grasp the balance between them objectively. The human brain has many important functional areas to achieve such as language, motor, function, vision, memory, etc. These functions are very important to ensure the quality of life. Studies have shown that the distribution of functional areas in the human brain varies widely among individuals, and lesions can also push on functional areas, and remodeling can occur in functional areas imaged by lesions. Therefore, the incidence of severe neurological deficits is high after traditional neurosurgery that relies only on experience for functional area localization. The current academic consensus is that intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring technology is the “gold standard” for localizing functional brain areas. Since 2009, our department has successfully carried out intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring of brain tumors in sensory, motor and visual areas, and in recent years, we have also carried out tumor resection under intraoperative arousal anesthesia for brain tumors in language areas, and achieved good results.