Multiple myeloma is a serious hematologic disorder that is generally poorly understood by the public, and most patients are not diagnosed early and misdiagnosis occurs. Thanks to the rapid progress of science and technology, the treatment technology of multiple myeloma is changing rapidly, the efficacy is improving, and the cure is close at hand. Clinical manifestations vary widely: anemia: dizziness, fatigue, palpitations, tinnitus, etc.; bone destruction: bone pain (especially in the chest and back), pathological fractures, osteoporosis, shortening of height, and even paraplegia; renal function damage: lower limb edema, positive urine protein or even renal failure, uremia; decreased immunity: repeated respiratory and urinary tract infections, etc.; other manifestations: bleeding, fever, shortness of breath, herpes, etc. Special measures to eliminate misdiagnosis: bone marrow aspiration and bone marrow biopsy: comprehensive cytology, histopathology and immunohistochemistry analysis; chromosome and FISH tests: for genetic and molecular level diagnosis and detection of “targets” for targeted therapy; blood and urine light chain tests: for diagnosis, typing and efficacy monitoring of myeloma Immunofixation electrophoresis: for the identification and typing of monoclonal and polyclonal globulins, with high sensitivity and resolution. Advanced tools to improve the efficacy of treatment: individualized treatment: according to the patient’s staging, age, physical condition and economic situation, selective use of high-efficiency and low-toxicity regimens, even for elderly, advanced patients can easily accept; bisphosphonates: effective prevention and treatment of myeloma bone disease, repair of damaged bone tissue, and for maintenance therapy after myeloma remission, prolonging survival; proteasome inhibitors: bortezomib significantly improved the prognosis of myeloma patients. Immunomodulators: thalidomide and lenalidomide have clear efficacy, and the third-generation immunomodulator IMiD pomalidomide has shown initial results; new drugs are emerging: histone deacetylase inhibitors, photokinase inhibitors, Elotuzumab monoclonal antibody and other new-generation drugs have New drugs are emerging: histone deacetylase inhibitors, photokinase inhibitors, Elotuzumab monoclonal antibody and other new generation drugs have entered clinical trials, and the prospect of multiple myeloma treatment is brighter.