For patients with frequent seizures despite drug treatment, surgery should be considered after adequate preoperative evaluation. Current surgical approaches are broadly divided into the following three categories: 1. Direct resection of epileptogenic foci Direct resection of lesions and epileptogenic foci based on video EEG and imaging performance often leads to good therapeutic results, or even complete cure and no more medication. This includes cropping resection, lobotomy, selective hippocampal amygdala resection, and hemisphere resection if the lesion involves the whole hemisphere. 2.Surgery to block epileptic discharge propagation pathways This is a kind of palliative surgery for patients whose epileptogenic foci are not clear, or whose epileptogenic foci are located in functional areas that are not resectable, with poorer surgical results, including corpus callosotomy and multiple submural transection. This type of surgery is also palliative and can relieve the number and severity of seizures, and in a very small number of patients, a cure can be achieved. Prognosis Overall, the cure rate for epilepsy is 50-70%, with the majority of patients achieving a significant reduction in seizures and only a minority of patients failing.