AIDS (AIDS) is an infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which has a serious impact on people’s health. After entering the human body, HIV directly invades the immune system and attacks and kills the most aggressive C D T lymphocytes in the human immune system, causing a decrease in the immunity of the body, which is clinically manifested by a series of symptoms and signs of gradual impairment of the immune function of the human body and eventually leads to death.
AIDS has become an important public health and social problem. In China, AIDS has gone through a period of transmission and spread and has now entered a period of rapid growth. Therefore, in the absence of a vaccine and safe and effective anti-HI V drugs, effective preventive measures are even more important. Risk factors of medical source infection of AIDS Medical personnel lack basic knowledge of AIDS prevention and control and have poor self-protection awareness: AIDS, like other infectious diseases such as hepatitis B and C, is a medical source infection from the moment it is detected. Many HIV-positive patients are often admitted to hospitals for alcohol, drug use, fighting or other illnesses. If medical personnel do not take precautions, they are vulnerable to infection. It has been reported that a survey of medical personnel’s knowledge of AIDS found that medical personnel had little knowledge of the basic definition of AIDS and its transmission routes, as well as how to prevent and control AIDS, mainly because of the lack of health education and training on AIDS received by medical personnel. Inadequate knowledge of HIV among medical personnel leads to negligence and lack of vigilance in medical activities, which increases the risk of HIV infection of medical origin.
Cross-infection caused by HIV contamination in the medical environment: With the increase in the number of HIV infections and incidences in China, the number of people visiting medical institutions has increased accordingly. During medical treatment and nursing operations, HIV-contaminated blood or other body fluids may directly or indirectly invade the infected person’s body through his or her broken skin or mucous membrane, resulting in cross-infection between doctors and patients.
In the process of disease diagnosis and treatment, especially during various interventions, patients are subjected to various insertional operations, arterial and intravenous cannulae, drainage, urinary catheterization, endoscopy and hemodialysis. The reuse of many medical instruments is also an important route of H I V infection transmission, especially when some medical instruments are reused among patients without being thoroughly cleaned and disinfected, resulting in cross-infection among patients.
Increased risk of occupational infection due to sharps injuries in medical personnel: Sharps stab wounds are the most important route of occupational infection. Medical personnel may be stabbed by needles (injection needles, suture needles) containing HIV infection; scratched by glass (ampoule); injured by sharp instruments (scalpel, scissors, scarf clamp, kerchief needle, fracture fragment, etc.) or inadvertently contacted by broken parts containing HIV infection. Occupational infection can be caused by inadvertent contact with infected blood or body fluids.
Preventive measures Strengthening education and training for medical personnel: Some studies have shown that strengthening education for medical personnel has been recognized as one of the effective measures to reduce occupational injuries. Medical personnel should receive more education so that they have sufficient knowledge to serve the community. The rotation of all medical personnel is an important measure to prevent and control the medical transmission of HIV.
In the medical and health system, through knowledge lectures, classes, seminars and other forms of training, medical personnel should be trained in the prevention and control of medical-borne HIV infection, classification and management of medical waste, standard prevention, proper hand washing and hand disinfection, testing techniques and handling of HIV blood samples, diagnosis and treatment of HIV, professional protection of medical personnel, etc., so that they can master the transmission of HIV The training will enable them to understand the ways of HIV transmission, the hazards of medical HIV/AIDS infection and the prevention and control measures, improve the diagnosis and treatment of HIV and medical care skills, enhance the awareness of self-protection of medical staff, develop professional protection habits, and reduce the occurrence of medical infections.