Biologic flaps are biologic valves of homologous (human) or heterologous (porcine or bovine) origin and are indicated for older patients. The advantage of biologic valves is that they require anticoagulation for only 3 months – 6 months after surgery and do not require continuous anticoagulation therapy thereafter. A special point to note here is that patients with persistent atrial fibrillation after prosthetic valve implantation must be treated with anticoagulation. The American Heart Association guidelines recommend warfarin anticoagulation for patients with no valve disease and simply persistent atrial fibrillation. This is true for simple atrial fibrillation, not to mention valve replacement. Of course, the obvious disadvantage of biologic valves is that they are not very durable; valve life is generally between 10 and 20 years, beyond which time failure may occur and the valve may need to be replaced surgically again. There are currently three generations of common valves, with the first generation having a relatively short life span and basically retiring from history, and the second and third generations being the current mainstream. Despite the risk of secondary surgery in 10-20 years, more and more patients are choosing bioprosthetic valves, mainly because they want to have a high quality of life. Mechanical flaps are made of carbon, metal and synthetic fabrics. Advantages: the first is strong, that is, durable and will not be damaged by wear and tear. It has a long service life; the second is a mechanical valve of small caliber (19 mm and below) with a relatively large geometric orifice area, especially the new generation of mechanical valves in certain patients with small aortic roots. However, mechanical valves require patients to be on anticoagulation therapy for life and should not be used in patients with contraindications to anticoagulation therapy. Anticoagulation carries a risk of fatal complications, including bleeding and embolism. In addition, patients with implanted mechanical valves have trouble getting pregnant and undergoing other procedures, and require staged heparin replacement warfarin therapy, a condition that many local hospitals currently have no experience treating. Female patients may also have problems with increased menstruation. Patients should choose the valve according to their actual situation, there is neither the most expensive nor the best, the one that fits is the most desirable!