Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory reaction in which pancreatic enzymes are activated in the pancreas for various reasons, causing self-digestion, edema, hemorrhage and even necrosis in the pancreatic tissue. The main clinical manifestations are acute epigastric pain, fever, nausea, vomiting, increased blood and urine amylase, and in severe cases, complications such as peritonitis and shock. The disease can be seen at any age, but is predominantly seen in young adults. The most common causes are gallstone disease, heavy alcohol consumption and overeating.
How is acute pancreatitis treated?
Most acute pancreatitis is a mild form of acute pancreatitis and can be cured with 3-5 days of active treatment.
Treatment measures include fasting; gastrointestinal decompression for those with abdominal pain and distension and severe vomiting; intravenous fluids to actively replenish blood volume; pain relief, pethidine for severe abdominal pain; antibiotics; acid suppression therapy, which can clinically inhibit pancreatic secretion by suppressing gastric acid.
What are the complications of acute pancreatitis?
Complications of acute pancreatitis include local complications and systemic complications.
Among them, local complications include.
Pancreatic abscesses, which form mainly due to pancreatic and peripancreatic necrosis secondary to infection.
Pseudocysts, caused by pancreatic fluid and liquefied necrotic tissue encapsulated in or around the pancreas.
Systemic complications include.
1. acute whistle failure.
2, acute renal failure.
3, heart failure with arrhythmias ,
4, gastrointestinal bleeding.
5, pancreatic encephalopathy.
6, sepsis.
7, hyperglycemia.
8, chronic pancreatitis.
The typing of acute pancreatitis is generally divided into acute edema type and acute necrosis type, which is what we clinically call mild pancreatitis and severe pancreatitis, and the most critical thing to distinguish between the two is that severe pancreatitis combined with other organ failure that cannot be recovered in 24 hours.
How to care for acute pancreatitis?
In terms of nursing measures, absolute bed rest for such patients to reduce the metabolic rate of the organism.
Assisting the patient to take a bent and bent knee lateral position in order to reduce pain.
Encourage and help the patient to turn over.
As the disease is acute, patients appear severe pain, general painkillers are ineffective, and the hemorrhagic necrotic type is symptomatic, poor prognosis, often make patients and family members produce adverse psychological reactions, irritability, anxiety, etc. We should correctly understand this disease, usually to develop the habit of regular eating, avoid overeating, abdominal pain relief, should start with a small amount of low-fat, low-sugar diet, and gradually return to a normal diet, but should avoid the stimulation of strong, gas-producing, gas-intensive diet. However, we should avoid strong stimulating, gas-producing, high-fat and high-protein foods, and quit smoking and drinking to prevent recurrence.