Lymphoma is a collective term for malignant tumors of the lymph nodes and/or lymphatic tissue outside the lymph nodes. Although it is not as high as the incidence of tumors such as lung cancer and intestinal cancer, it has been increasing at an annual rate of 3-5% in recent years. What is more annoying is that this type of tumor often occurs in young adults and remains a major disease that seriously endangers human health. In recent decades, advances in treatment technology have improved the efficacy of lymphoma, and lymphoma tumors have gone from being incurable before to being curable in more and more types. For example, Hodgkin’s lymphoma accounts for 9% to 10% of lymphomas in China, and is a group of malignant tumors with relatively good therapeutic efficacy and high long-term survival rate. If treated in a timely and scientific manner, the 10-year survival rate can reach 70% to 80%, which means that most patients can be cured. How does lymphoma arise? First, let us clarify what lymph nodes are. Lymph nodes are immune tissues widely distributed throughout the body around superficial and deep viscera, and can only be touched in superficial areas, such as the neck, submaxillary, supraclavicular fossa, armpit and groin. Its function is similar to that of the “beacon”, which is usually “calm” and is actually an alarm device for the human body. Lymph nodes can be affected by various pathogenic microbial infections, chemicals, foreign poisons, foreign bodies, and the body’s own metabolites, which can cause the proliferation of cellular components such as lymphocytes, resulting in the enlargement of lymph nodes, which is reactive, but the enlargement of lymph nodes can also be tumorigenic, i.e. lymphoma. Lymphoma is the result of neoplastic proliferation of lymphocytes and their precursor cells in the lymph nodes and outside the nodes. It is a malignant tumor of the immune system that occurs in lymphatic tissue and is one of the first malignant tumors of the hematological system to be discovered. Lymphoma usually has the following symptoms: 1. Lymph nodes in the neck or supraclavicular region, or lymph nodes in the armpits gradually swell and do not feel pain (except for lymph node pain after drinking alcohol). 2.Pharyngeal lymphoma: difficulty in swallowing, nasal congestion, bleeding, swollen lymph nodes in the neck and under the jaw. 3.Lymphoma of the chest: cough, chest tightness, shortness of breath, etc. 4.Lymphoma of gastrointestinal tract: abdominal pain, diarrhea, and feeling of lump in the abdomen. 5.Systemic symptoms: fever, night sweats, emaciation and itching for which no cause can be found. The current medical community usually classifies lymphoma into stages I-IV: Stage I – lesion is limited to 1 lymph node area (I) or one organ outside the lymphatic area is locally involved by the lesion (IE). Stage II – 2 or more lymph node areas (II), or the lesion is limited to organs other than lymph nodes and more than 1 lymph node area ipsilateral to the transverse septum (II), or the lesion is limited to organs other than lymph nodes and more than 1 lymph node area ipsilateral to the transverse septum (IIE). Stage III – Lymph node lesions appear in the upper and lower sentences of the transverse septum (III). It may be accompanied by splenic involvement (IIISE). Stage IV – Widespread or three-star invasion of 1 or more organs other than the lymph nodes, accompanied by preferential unaccompanied enlargement of the lymph nodes. Stage IV is when there is enlargement of lymph nodes in the liver or bone marrow, and whenever the liver or bone marrow is involved in the lesion.