Hyperthyroidism is the abbreviation of hyperthyroidism, which is a group of common endocrine disorders caused by excessive secretion of thyroid hormones from various causes. Clinically, patients with hyperthyroidism mainly present with panic attacks, tachycardia, fear of heat, excessive sweating, hyperphagia, weight loss, fatigue, agitation, impatience, insomnia, lack of concentration, protruding eyes, trembling hands and tongue, swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland, menstrual disorders or even amenorrhea in women, and impotence or breast development in men. Because of the teratogenic effect of anti-thyroid drugs on the fetus, it is necessary to discuss with the doctor to decide whether to keep or give up the fetus according to the condition. The causes of hyperthyroidism include diffuse toxic goiter (also known as Graves’ disease), inflammatory hyperthyroidism (subacute thyroiditis, painless thyroiditis, postpartum thyroiditis, and Hashimoto’s hyperthyroidism), drug-induced hyperthyroidism (levothyroxine sodium and iodine-induced hyperthyroidism), hCG-associated hyperthyroidism (temporary hyperthyroidism due to pregnancy vomiting), and pituitary TSH tumor hyperthyroidism. 1. The causes of hyperthyroidism include diffuse toxic goiter (also known as Graves’ disease) Clinically, more than 80% of hyperthyroidism is caused by Graves’ disease, which is an autoimmune disease of the thyroid gland in which the patient’s lymphocytes produce immunoglobulin-TSI that stimulates the thyroid gland. Clinically, we measure TSI as thyrotropin receptor antibody: TRAb. Causes of Graves’ disease Graves’ disease is often combined with other autoimmune diseases, such as vitiligo, alopecia areata, and type 1 diabetes. 2. Clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism Clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism include panic attacks, tachycardia, fear of heat, excessive sweating, hyperphagia, weight loss, fatigue and weakness, emotional agitation, impatience, insomnia, lack of concentration, protruding eyes, trembling hands and tongue, swelling or enlargement of the thyroid gland, menstrual disorders or even amenorrhea in women, impotence or breast development in men. The enlarged thyroid gland is symmetrical, while some patients have asymmetrical enlargement. The swollen or enlarged thyroid gland moves up and down with swallowing, and some hyperthyroid patients have thyroid nodules. One type of ocular changes caused by hyperthyroidism is benign proptosis, in which the patient’s eyeballs protrude and the eyes stare or show frightened eyes; the other type is malignant proptosis, which can be transformed from benign proptosis. Patients with malignant proptosis often have photophobia, lacrimation, diplopia, hypermetropia, eye swelling, stinging pain and foreign body sensation, etc. Due to the high protrusion of the eyeballs, the eyes cannot be closed and the conjunctiva and cornea are exposed, causing congestion, edema, corneal ulceration and even blindness. This can lead to congestion, edema, corneal ulceration, and even blindness. Some patients with hyperthyroidism have no eye symptoms or no obvious symptoms. The above are typical clinical manifestations of hyperthyroidism, but not all clinical symptoms are present in every patient with hyperthyroidism, and different types of hyperthyroidism have different clinical manifestations.