Congenital ear deformities are unavoidable, but we can make up for this regret as much as possible. Ear deformity will not only affect the aesthetics and the balance between the five senses, but also bring many inconveniences to life. Indications for full ear reconstruction 1. For bilateral microtia deformity with external ear canal atresia, patients should first consider external ear canal and middle ear surgery to change their hearing. For unilateral microtia with external atresia, auricular reconstruction should be performed first. If conditions permit, auricular reconstruction and middle ear surgery can be combined. 2. For patients with ear deformities and severe maxillofacial deformities, it is generally advisable to first perform maxillofacial plastic surgery. Otherwise, the reconstructed ear cannot be placed in a suitable position. 3. Ear deficiency can seriously affect the normal psychological development of children. In order not to affect their psychological development, reconstructive ear surgery should be completed at school age as much as possible, generally after the age of 6. Full ear reconstruction method To reconstruct the ear with complex and delicate surface structure is a complex and challenging surgery. There are many surgical methods, including tanzer-brent’s staged auricular reconstruction method, one-stage auricular reconstruction method and mastoid area skin expansion auricular reconstruction method. 1.tanzer-brent staging method The traditional method is the tanzer-brent staging method, and the surgery is completed in four stages: (1) transferring the earlobe to the posterior transverse position, (2) cutting rib cartilage and sculpting to form an ear scaffold to be buried under the skin of the mastoid area, (3) lifting the auricle and freeing the traumatic surface for skin implantation, and (4) reconstructing the ear screen and the auricular cavity. The whole process takes about half to one year. 2.One-stage auricular reconstruction method The advantage of this method is that it saves time and money and can be completed in only two weeks. The disadvantage is that the skin of the mastoid area is not enough and extends to the top with some hairs, so the reconstructed ear is thicker and has hairs on the edge of the ear wheel. This is rarely used nowadays as people’s living standards improve. 3.Papillary skin expansion auricular reconstruction method Because the papillary skin expansion auricular reconstruction method has many advantages such as sufficient skin source, hidden postoperative scar and stable long-term effect of the reconstructed auricle, it has become one of the most commonly used auricular reconstruction surgery methods. Due to the lack of idealized biologic material, autologous rib cartilage is still the preferred clinical material for ear scaffolding. Its advantages are mainly in the convenience of extraction, easy sculpting, no rejection, and better long-term stability of the reconstructed auricle. The first stage is dilator implantation, in which a 100 ml dilator is surgically implanted into the mastoid area behind the ear. This can be done inpatient or outpatient. Water injection is started one week after surgery, 2 to 3 times a week, and completed in about 1 to 2 months. After the completion of water injection, it is best to continue the expansion for 3 to 6 months so that the flap is thinner and retracts less during the second-stage surgery, and the post-reconstruction results are better. It is also possible to perform the second-stage surgery immediately after the completion of water injection. The second stage is auricular reconstruction, in which rib cartilage is sculpted and scaffolded during surgery, and then the expanded skin of the ear is used as auricular skin to complete auricular reconstruction. This stage of surgery requires hospitalization for about 10 to 14 days. After resting for about six months, the third stage of surgery will be performed after the reconstructed ear is basically stable and the scar has softened. The third stage is to perform earlobe transposition, earnail cavity and ear screen reconstruction on the basis of the completed ear reconstruction to make the reconstructed ear more perfect and realistic.