Colorectal Medicine
I. Lung Cancer
Eating more soy products, grains and vegetables at three meals a day can help us fight lung cancer, says an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Scientists from the University of Texas explained that because soy products, cereal foods, and vegetables such as spinach and carrots contain a cancer-fighting substance, phytoestrogens. The above conclusion was reached only after an 18-year follow-up study of 1,674 lung cancer patients and 1,735 healthy people. The scientists found that most lung cancer patients did not like soy products, grain foods and various vegetables and fruits in their daily diet. The scientists also found that women in general consume more soy products, grains and vegetables than men, perhaps explaining why men generally have more lung cancer. Scientists suggest that “addicts” who love to smoke may want to eat more soy products, grains and vegetables in general.
Compared with digestive tract tumors, the diet of lung cancer patients should be relatively well resolved. Dietary arrangement should pay attention to strengthening nutrition and supporting treatment, advocate processing and cooking according to patients’ dietary habits and hobbies, usually no allergy history, no need to avoid partial diet, mainly animal protein, milk, eggs, lean meat, animal liver and increase total calories appropriately. It is advisable to eat light and tasty food, avoid fishy and greasy food, avoid spicy and stimulating food such as tobacco and alcohol, eat more fresh vegetables containing high vitamin A and vitamin C, such as carrots and orange vegetables (such as drum radish, cauliflower, cabbage, yellow sprouts, etc.), and fruits. If the appetite is low, appropriate symptomatic treatment can be given with digestive aids, and nutritional supplements, such as protein powder, can also be supplemented, and if necessary, energy can be replenished through intravenous infusion.
Early and middle stage lung cancer patients have sound digestive system function. After clinical diagnosis, patients should be supplemented with various nutrients, such as high quality protein, carbohydrates, fat, inorganic salt and multivitamins, as soon as their digestive and absorption capacity allows, and should seize the time to supplement the organism to improve the body quality, enhance resistance and prevent or delay the appearance of cachexia. If the nutrients are filled sufficiently before clinical treatment, patients with better body condition can tolerate chemotherapy and radiotherapy better and have better treatment effect; similarly, patients with better body condition can tolerate surgery and recover faster than those with poorer nutritional condition.
Nasopharyngeal cancer
After radiotherapy and chemotherapy, patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma often have side effects such as loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, mouth ulcers and difficulty in swallowing, etc. Patients need to take in proper nutrition to improve immunity, and diet is very important at this time. Patients should consume a high-protein, high-fiber diet with small and frequent meals to enhance the body’s ability to fight cancer. Specific dietary principles are as follows.
1. Countermeasures for loss of appetite: ① Eat less and more meals, chew and swallow slowly; ② Eat more low-fat, sweet and sour, salty food; do not eat irritating and hard food. ③ Avoid eating hot and cold food at the same time; ④ do the right amount of exercise before eating, eat some appetizing snacks, etc.
2, taste change countermeasures: ① meat soaked in sugar, vinegar, lemon or juice and then cooked; ② use stronger condiments; ③ meat using the frozen food method; ④ often rinse the mouth, drink more tea to avoid oral odor.
3, diarrhea countermeasures: ① avoid eating fatty, dairy and sweet food; ② pay attention to replenish water and salt; apples, rice soup, etc. have anti-diarrheal effect.
4. Countermeasures for dry mouth: ① Food should be cooked as sticky, wet, moist and smooth as possible so that patients can easily eat; ② chew fruit juice candy, watermelon granules; ③ drink lemon honey, chrysanthemum water and sugar cane juice. The treatment of patients with mouth ulcers can be solved by eating more light, avoiding spicy, salty and sour foods, moderate food humidity, as well as using straws to suck liquid food to reduce the stimulation of oral mucosa. When swallowing is difficult, food should be softened and concentrated, such as making rice into porridge and adding minced meat to white rice porridge.
Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer and nutrition Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor of female reproductive organs, mostly occurring between the ages of 20 and 60. Its cause seems to be related to early marriage, early childbearing, multiple childbearing and chronic cervicitis. Recent studies have found that it is also related to malnutrition.
1.Vitamin malnutrition
It has been observed that β-carotene in blood of cervical cancer patients is lower than that of control group, and low intake of β-carotene is considered as a risk factor for cervical cancer. In addition, vitamin C is also related to the incidence of cervical cancer. Our survey shows that the risk of cervical cancer decreases when the intake of vitamin C increases. Therefore, attention should be paid to vitamin supplementation in daily diet.
2.Trace elements
It has been found that copper, zinc and selenium are related to trace elements. It may be due to the antagonistic effect of copper on selenium, and large dose of copper can produce symptoms of lack of armor selenium in animals. The study of Guizhou Institute of Oncology found that copper levels differed significantly in the development of cervical cancer and breast cancer, and plasma copper was significantly higher in current and distant recurrence than in non-recurrence long term survivors and normal subjects. Plasma copper was significantly higher in those with distant recurrence than in the non-recurrence group. The copper ratio was highest in those with distant relapses. The copper-zinc ratio was also significantly higher in the current group than in the normal and non-relapsed groups. Plasma copper and copper-zinc ratios can be used as indicators for the diagnosis of cervical cancer and malignancy and prognosis. Appropriate attention should be paid to the supplementation of foods containing zinc and selenium elements.
IV. Leukemia
Leukemia, “blood cancer”, is a malignant proliferative disease of blood cells of hematopoietic tissue. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of immature and morphologically abnormal leukocytes in the bone marrow and other hematopoietic tissues, which can enter the peripheral blood and infiltrate into other organs of the body. There are qualitative and quantitative changes in the peripheral blood leukocytes. The main clinical manifestations are anemia, fever, bleeding, liver, spleen and lymph node enlargement, the disease is a great threat to human health, in clinical treatment requires patients to adhere to drug therapy at the same time, pay more attention to dietary regimen, scientific meals, in order to improve the body’s immune function, to achieve the purpose of remission and even healing.
1, leukemia patients, the body’s protein consumption is much greater than normal people, only to supplement the amount of quality protein to maintain the function of the tissues and organs. Another function of protein is to constitute antibodies, which have the role of protecting the body from bacteria and viruses and improving the body’s resistance. Therefore, leukemia patients should consume a high-protein diet, especially some good quality, high digestion and absorption rate of animal protein and legume protein, such as poultry eggs, dairy, fish and shrimp, lean meat, animal blood, animal offal, tofu, tofu brain, tofu Yu, bean curd, soy milk, etc.. To supplement the body’s need for protein, in the process of chemotherapy, the digestive system often has many reactions such as nausea, vomiting, bloating, diarrhea and other symptoms, at this time, you can take less food and more meals, or in addition to the three meals, add some small, high-calorie, nutrient-rich food, such as pastries, chocolate, bread, quail eggs, fish pine, sour milk, kiwi, fresh vegetable juice, etc.
2, pay attention to dietary hygiene, avoid eating raw and cold, overnight or spoiled food. Fresh fruits must be washed and peeled before food.
3, try to avoid eating hard or fried food, such as fish products should try to remove the bone, thorns, to prevent eating hard objects pierce the oral mucosa, resulting in oral ulcers or even secondary local infection.
4, pay attention to the reasonable mix of dietary structure, less spicy and stimulating food, as far as possible to eat fresh vegetables. For those who have bad bowel habits or habitual constipation before the disease, special attention should be paid to the supplementation of fiber-rich foods. Keep daily bowel movement as smooth as possible to prevent constipation from aggravating hemorrhoids or inducing anal fissures and increasing the chance of local infection.
V. Bladder cancer
Harvard researchers conducted a 10-year follow-up study of nearly 50,000 American men aged 40 to 75 and found that men who drank 6 large glasses of plain water a day had half the risk of bladder cancer than those who drank only 1 large glass. This may be because the fluid expels carcinogens from the body before they have a chance to act on the bladder. This reduces the chances of attaching to the bladder wall. On the other hand, the tap water that people drink is treated with chlorination and sterilization, and 13 kinds of harmful substances can be separated from the treated water, among which fontanelle and chloroform are carcinogenic and teratogenic. When the water temperature reaches 90℃, the content of fontanelle hydrocarbon rises from 531zg per kg to 177μg, which is more than 2 times of the national drinking water hygiene standard. Therefore, drinking unboiled water, the possibility of bladder cancer increased by 91% to 38%. When the water temperature reaches 100°C, these two harmful substances will be greatly reduced with the evaporation of steam, such as continued boiling for 3 minutes, it is safe to drink.
In terms of daily diet, people who consume a lot of fruits and vegetables have a reduced incidence of bladder cancer, especially those who consume cruciferous vegetables such as cabbage, cauliflower, radish, cabbage, rape, capers and fresh fruits such as kiwi, figs, bananas and dates. Bladder cancer was positively correlated with fat intake and negatively correlated with vitamin A and carotenoids.