Atrial fibrillation (AF for short) is one of the most common clinical arrhythmias. The prevalence in our population aged 30-85 years is 0.77%. Long-term poorly controlled atrial fibrillation can lead to serious adverse consequences – thromboembolic complications, and stroke is the most common and serious consequence. Therefore, the scientific and rational use of anticoagulant drugs can help reduce the occurrence of adverse events. The most widely used clinical assessment tool is the CHADS2 scoring system. In the absence of contraindications, all patients with atrial fibrillation with a CHADS2 score of ≥2 should be treated with long-term oral anticoagulation. Patients with a CHADS2 score of 1 may be treated with aspirin (100 mg-300 mg once a day) or oral anticoagulation, while those with a CHADS2 score of 0 do not require anticoagulation. Anticoagulation increases the risk of bleeding in patients, so care should be taken to assess the risk of bleeding before and during treatment. The most commonly used clinical system is the HAS-BLED scoring system. Patients with a score of 0 to 2 are at low risk of bleeding, and a score of ≥3 indicates an increased risk of bleeding. Second, the choice of anticoagulant drugs for patients with atrial fibrillation 1, warfarin is currently the most commonly used anticoagulant drugs. It is recommended to start with a lower dose (e.g. 1.5mg/d-3.0mg/d) and gradually increase the dose according to the range of 1.0mg/d-1.5mg/d until the INR reaches the target value (2.0-3.0). The frequency of INR monitoring should be determined on a patient-by-patient basis. The INR should be measured at least every 3-5 days during the initial period of warfarin treatment, and then every 4 weeks once the INR has reached its target value and the warfarin dose is relatively constant. Many factors can influence the effect of warfarin, among which the common drugs that enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin include: antiplatelet agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cimetidine, etc. Common drugs that weaken the anticoagulant effect of warfarin include: phenobarbital, phenytoin sodium, vitamin K, estrogen, spironolactone, etc. Some foods (such as grapefruit, garlic, onion, kelp, cauliflower, carrot, etc.) can also enhance or weaken the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, so care needs to be taken in the course of medication. 2.Aspirin Those with low risk of thrombosis (CHADS2 score 0-1) may consider choosing aspirin therapy. 3.New oral anticoagulants, mainly including direct thrombin inhibitors, factor Xa inhibitors, factor IX inhibitors, etc. Take direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatranate as an example, there is no need to routinely monitor coagulation function during treatment with dabigatranate, but for advanced age (≥75 years), reduced renal function, and frailty, the dose should be reduced and monitoring should be strengthened to avoid serious bleeding events. Scientific and rational treatment of atrial fibrillation can effectively prevent or eliminate the occurrence of its adverse events.