Heart failure is the end-stage manifestation of cardiovascular disease. Treatment of heart failure can significantly relieve symptoms, prolong the patient’s life span, and prevent further deterioration of heart failure, but cannot completely cure it. Heart failure is a state of cardiac insufficiency after the loss of cardiac function in the end stage of various types of heart diseases. It manifests as a decrease in myocardial contractility and insufficient blood perfusion to organs and tissues, along with signs of stasis in the pulmonary and body circulations. Coronary heart disease, hypertension and valvular disease are the main causes of chronic heart failure, and when there are infections, arrhythmias and other triggers can cause an acute attack of chronic heart failure. The treatment of acute heart failure is to control the underlying disease, eliminate the triggers, improve the symptoms, stabilize the condition quickly and reduce the damage to other organs. The treatment of chronic heart failure involves controlling the underlying disease, avoiding triggers, anti-heart failure, and improving prognostic treatment. Some triggers can be improved, such as controlling infections, controlling blood volume, controlling emotions and physical activity, but the causes of heart failure such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and valvular disease cannot be cured, and heart failure will continue to progress. End-stage refractory heart failure can be treated by heart transplantation, but transplantation still has problems such as scarce donor and immune rejection to be solved.