Pneumonia is a common and frequent disease in the pediatric period, and is the first cause of death in hospitalized children in China. It is a serious threat to pediatric health and is listed by the Ministry of Health as one of the four pediatric diseases, so it is important to prevent and treat pneumonia. Winter is the season for pediatric colds and pneumonia, and since winter, there has been a sharp increase in pediatric pneumonia patients, who suffer from pneumonia children suffer, and parents are helpless and anxious, so let’s talk about pneumonia.
1. What is pneumonia?
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lungs caused by different pathogens or other factors (such as inhalation of amniotic fluid, oils or allergic reactions). The main manifestations are fever, cough, shortness of breath, dyspnea and fixed medium and fine wet rales in the lungs. In severe cases, the circulatory, neurological and digestive systems may be involved and the corresponding clinical symptoms may appear, such as cardiac insufficiency, whistling failure, toxic encephalopathy, toxic intestinal paralysis, etc.
2.Pneumonia is divided into several categories?
(1) By pathology: divided into: lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, interstitial pneumonia. Bronchopneumonia is the most common.
(2) Etiological classification: viral pneumonia, bacterial pneumonia, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydial pneumonia, protozoal pneumonia, fungal pneumonia, and pneumonia caused by non-infectious etiologies: such as aspiration pneumonia, fallout pneumonia, and allergic pneumonia.
(3) Disease classification: acute pneumonia: less than 1 month; extended pneumonia: 1-3 months, chronic pneumonia: more than 3 months.
(4) Classification of the disease: mild: in addition to the whistling system, other systems only performance is not obvious, no systemic symptoms of poisoning, severe: in addition to the performance of the whistling system there are other systems system performance, systemic symptoms of poisoning is obvious. Even life-threatening.
(5) classification of clinical manifestations typical or not: typical pneumonia (Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia, S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, etc.) Atypical pneumonia (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia, Legionella, viral pneumonia, etc.)
3.What are the manifestations of pneumonia?
(1) Fever; the fever pattern is variable, and the body temperature of newborns and severely malnourished children may not rise, or may be lower than normal.
(2) Cough, early irritant cough, sputum in the recovery period.
(3) Shortness of breath; mostly appears after cough and fever, accelerated inspiration (small infants may show vomiting, shortness of breath, nodding head, etc.)
(4) Systemic symptoms: poor spirit, loss of appetite, restlessness, diarrhea or vomiting.
4.What are the complications of pneumonia?
Abscess chest, pneumothorax, pulmonary alveoli. These complications are mostly seen in Staphylococcus aureus and certain gram-negative bacilli pneumonia.
5.How is pneumonia treated?
Pneumonia is treated with comprehensive therapy: control of inflammation, improvement of ventilation, symptomatic treatment, prevention and treatment of complications.
(1) general treatment and care: open the windows and ventilate the room, the temperature is 18-20 degrees, humidity 60% is appropriate, diet is nutritious and easy to digest, severe cases can not eat to give intravenous nutrition. Change position frequently to reduce pulmonary stasis and promote inflammation absorption, pay attention to isolation and prevent cross-infection.
(2) Anti-infection: antibiotics should be used if the infection is clearly a bacterial infection or a viral infection secondary to a bacterial infection. Select sensitive antibiotics according to drug sensitivity. Before the experimental results are obtained, antibiotics can be selected empirically. pneumonia: virazole
(3) Symptomatic supportive treatment: oxygenation, nebulization, antipyretic, and treatment of complications. Severe pneumonia may be given intravenous immunoglobulin.
6.When should I take my child to the doctor promptly?
If one’s child has caught a cold or cough and one or more of the following conditions occur, one should promptly seek a doctor: whistling faster than usual, more than 60 times per minute (for babies younger than 2 months), or 50 times (for children 2-12 months), or 40 times (for children 1-4 years); whistling sounds coarse; whistling with interruptions; straining to inhale, chest depression; nasal flapping; grunting sounds (moaning). Cannot drink any liquid and chokes when drinking; skin is blue-purple. You should cooperate with the doctor when you arrive at the hospital.
7.How long does it take to treat pneumonia?
Generally medication is used until 5-7 days after the temperature is normal and 3 days after the symptoms and signs disappear. Mycoplasma pneumonia is treated with antibacterial drugs for at least 2-3 weeks. Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia:The drug can be stopped 2-3 weeks after the temperature is normal. The general course of treatment is greater than 6 weeks.
8.How can parents tell if your child has pneumonia?
Pediatric pneumonia is a life-threatening disease that starts rapidly, is serious and progresses quickly. However, it is sometimes similar to the symptoms of pediatric colds and can be easily confused. Therefore, it is necessary for parents to have the knowledge to differentiate between these two common pediatric diseases in order to detect pediatric pneumonia in time for early treatment, and the following teaches you how to identify if your child has pneumonia: you can start by “looking, listening and touching”.
9. What to look for?
(1) Look at the mental state: When a child has pneumonia, the mental state is poor, often irritable, crying and restless, or lethargic, jerking, etc.
(2) Look at the diet. When you have pneumonia, your diet decreases significantly, some children refuse to eat milk, and sometimes have thick sputum and wheezing that affects milk consumption.
(3) Look at sleep. But after pneumonia, more sleep and easy to wake up, cry; night there is a tendency to increase the difficulty of inspiration.
10, the second listen is to listen to what and where?
Listen to the lungs for the presence of blistering sounds. Because of the thin chest wall of children, sometimes you can hear the blistering sound without a stethoscope by ear, so parents can listen carefully on both sides of the chest wall of the child’s crest when the child is quiet or asleep. Children with pneumonia will hear a “gurgling” or “grunting” sound at the end of inspiration, called a tiny blister sound, which is an important sign of inflammation in the lungs. This is an important sign of inflammation of the lungs. Pediatric colds usually do not have such sounds.
11.How to prevent pneumonia in winter?
(1) Try not to take children to public places and crowded places in winter.
(2) Children’s diet should be well balanced, pay attention to the supplemental protein, eat more vegetables, fruits and other vitamin-rich food.
(3) Open the windows frequently to keep the indoor air fresh and circulating. Vinegar can be used to fumigate the room.
(4) Dress appropriately: increase or decrease clothing according to temperature changes, do not wear too much, and change sweaty clothes in time after children sweat to avoid cold-induced colds.
(5) remove the causes: timely treatment of diseases that can trigger whistling tract infections, such as malnutrition, vitamin A deficiency, rickets, etc.
(6) strengthen exercise: more sunshine, outdoor activities to improve the ability to adapt to temperature changes. Enhance physical fitness.
(7) Pneumonia vaccination: There are two types of pneumonia vaccines: 7-valent vaccine for children and 23-valent vaccine for adults and the elderly. 7-valent vaccine is mainly used for infants and children under 2 years of age and children aged 2-5 years who have not received the vaccine before.
The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine can prevent pneumonia, encephalitis, bacteremia, sepsis and many other diseases. Vaccination is currently a relatively effective measure, with 80% protection coverage, and parents are advised to vaccinate their children if they are able to.