When esophageal cancer develops to a certain extent, it will bring great inconvenience to the patient’s diet and make it difficult to swallow rough and dry food, and even liquid food at the later stage. If the cancer develops into such a situation, surgery is the most popular treatment method in clinical practice. For the recovery period and follow-up treatment of cancer patients after esophageal cancer surgery, Chinese medicine has significant effects. Traditional Chinese medicine can be used to treat esophageal cancer with excellent effects on cachexia, postoperative recovery, avoiding complications, controlling the spread of cancer cells and reducing patients’ pain. Then what kind of diet structure should patients pay attention to after esophageal cancer surgery? After esophageal cancer surgery, the normal physiological state of the digestive tract of patients is changed, the stomach is in the chest and the vagus nerve is cut off, so the digestive function of patients is changed, thus the dietary habits of patients should be adjusted accordingly: the vagus nerve is not cut off during surgery, so patients often do not have the feeling of saturation hunger after surgery, so the diet should be small and multiple meals, not to wait until hunger to eat, and depending on the situation, they should eat 6-7 times a day. -Because of the severance of the nerve and the change of position, the emptying function of the patient’s stomach will be significantly weakened after surgery, so it is easy to restore gastric function by taking appropriate walks after meals to promote digestion and emptying and speed up gastric peristalsis. The normal anti-reflux mechanism of the gastroesophagus is destroyed during surgery, and the gastric contents are easily refluxed, which can easily cause anastomitis, anastomotic bleeding, and in serious cases, pneumonia or even asphyxia caused by accidental aspiration of the refluxed material. Therefore, walk after meals and avoid bed rest; fast 2 hours before going to bed at night and try to raise the head of the bed 15 degrees when sleeping to avoid reflux of gastric contents. The postoperative recovery is smooth, and the transition to a normal diet can generally be made gradually in about three weeks. The anastomotic stenosis may occur after surgery, but eating solid food has a certain dilating effect on the anastomosis, so do not have a long-term semi-liquid diet after surgery. In general, after 3-4 days, intestinal peristalsis will be restored and the gastric tube will be removed, and a dregs-free liquid diet will be allowed on the fifth day. It is mainly water, 50ml each time, once every 2 hours. On the sixth day, a liquid diet with rice juice as the main ingredient, 100 ml every 3 hours. On the seventh day, egg soup and thin rice are the main ingredients, 200 ml each time. Once every 4 hours. Generally, on the twelfth day after surgery, semi-liquid diet with light and easily digestible food is the mainstay. The diet of esophageal cancer patients after surgery should be gradual, small amount and multiple meals to promote the recovery of digestive function. For patients with early or middle stage esophageal cancer diagnosed, they should seize the opportunity to increase nutrition, give them soft food or semi-liquid food with high protein and high vitamin, and make use of the absorption function of their gastrointestinal tract to supplement nutrition as much as possible, so that they can have a better physical condition to receive surgery or chemotherapy or radiotherapy. When patients have choking sensation in diet, do not swallow forcibly, otherwise it will stimulate local cancer tissue bleeding, spreading, metastasis and pain. After transitioning to normal diet, patients should add more high-protein and high-nutrient food to their diet, and it is better to make soup or use such food after crushing, so as to reduce the burden of upper digestive tract and increase the nutrients to avoid cachexia and complications. It is better to take Chinese herbal medicine to assist the body to recover better. Chinese herbs have few side effects and do not add to the great irritation of the esophagus and stomach, thus promoting the healing of the lesion area and controlling the development of the disease.