Monkeypox is real. Although there are no confirmed cases of monkeypox in China, confirmed cases have been seen in several countries and regions in Africa and Europe, and are still spreading at a relatively fast rate. Monkeypox is a zoonotic disease, but is not found only in primates and can be found in rodents, such as rats. The virus can be transmitted through interpersonal contact, respiratory transmission, and sexual transmission, so high-risk exposures need to be avoided, such as avoiding contact with primates and rodents, avoiding high-risk sexual behavior, and paying attention to hand hygiene. In addition, since monkeypox virus is in the same genus as smallpox virus, smallpox vaccination is useful to prevent monkeypox infection. Monkeypox is self-limiting, and usually heals itself gradually in 2-3 weeks, but some patients are seriously ill and can be life-threatening. There are two different branches of monkeypox, and according to the World Health Organization, patients with the West African branch of monkeypox have a better prognosis, with a mortality rate of less than 1%, while patients with the Central African branch of monkeypox have a mortality rate of about 10%. Usually, adult patients have a lower mortality rate than pediatric patients.